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- Movimentos de profissionalização histórica: a relação entre as catástrofes sociais e a enfermagem modernaPublication . Santos, Paulo Alexandre Figueiredo dos; Rabiais, Isabel Cristina Mascarenhas; Amendoeira, José Joaquim Penedos; Figueiredo, Amélia Simões; Berenguer, Sílvia Maria Alves Caldeira; Pereira, Maria Cristina Queiroz VazContexto: É em contexto de catástrofes sociais que a afirmação socioprofissional do enfermeiro se constitui uma referência. Objetivo: Dimensionar a relação entre as catástrofes sociais e a relevância do trabalho realizado por determinadas enfermeiras, no final do século XIX, com contributo para a construção/evolução da enfermagem enquanto profissão. Metodologia: Embora as opções metodológicas na validação do caráter científico deste estudo histórico assentem na historiografia, os factos narrados e interpretados foram contextualizados em função da época histórica, permitindo o emergir de novos significados que possibilitem definir no próprio tecido documental, unidades, conjuntos, séries, relações inovadoras. Resultados: Foram várias as enfermeiras que contribuíram para a evolução da enfermagem enquanto ciência. Experienciaram a sua profissão em contextos com um denominador comum: os conflitos armados que se traduziram num cenário de catástrofe social, onde imperava a necessidade de cuidar do Outro. Conclusão: É inegável que os contextos de catástrofes sociais permitiram um campo de atuação que conferiu visibilidade à enfermagem moderna e possibilitou um caminho, traçado no sentido de construir a enfermagem enquanto disciplina.
- The Arabic Control Attitudes Scale-Revised: Method Effect (Negatively Worded Items) and Measurement Invariance as Threats to Its Construct Validity Are Remedied in a 5-Item Version With Improved PerformancePublication . Ali, Amira Mohammed; Al-Dossary, Saeed A.; Alharrasi, Maryam; Laranjeira, Carlos; Ayed, Ahmad; El-Gazar, Heba Emad; Zoromba, Mohamed Ali; Atalla, Amal Diab Ghanem; Alamer, Rasmieh; Al-Abri, Khalood; Subih, Maha; Pakai, AnnamariaBackground: The Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (CAS-R) is widely used to explore cardiac patients’ beliefs about their ability to manage illness. The CAS-R’s construct validity may be questionable in different cultural contexts. Conclusions/applications based on inaccurate construct validity can be misleading and incorrect. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the CAS-R. Methods: Within a cross-sectional design involving 180 Omani patients with heart failure (mean age = 70.3 ± 9.8 years, 51.7% females), exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA were used to evaluate the construct validity and measurement invariance of the CAS-R across gender and marital groups. Results: In exploratory factor analysis, 2 factors with eigenvalues >1 explained 37.9% of the variance. Despite the poor fit of the unidimensional CAS-R, CFA revealed an excellent fit of a 2-factor structure. Negative (5 and 8) and cross-loading items (1) contributed to scale variance at the configural level. Eliminating negative items and item 6 improved model fit, reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.66 vs. 0.56), and invariance at all levels. In support of its convergent and criterion validity, the CAS-R 5 correlated with the CAS-R and depression (r = 0.953, −0.268; P values <.01). Conclusions: Negative items comprised a minor weak factor (helplessness) that was not stable across groups. Eliminating items 5, 6, and 8 resulted in a clean invariant short form (CAS-R 5) with superior properties that may implicate nursing decisions and interventions concerning perceived control.
- Linking Critical Thinking Dispositions to Well-Being in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional StudyPublication . Valentim, Olga; Almeida, Raquel Simões de; Marques, Rita; Lucas, Isabel; Sales, Leila; Payan-Carreira, Rita; Lopes, JoséBackground/Objectives: Mental health challenges are increasingly prevalent among higher education students, with significant implications for academic success and personal development. Emerging research suggests that critical thinking dispositions may support psychological well-being by enhancing resilience and adaptive coping. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between critical thinking dispositions and psychological well-being and to identify key sociodemographic predictors in this context. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed from December 2024 to May 2025, recruiting 429 students from Portuguese higher education institutions via convenience sampling. Participants completed validated self-report measures: the Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale (CTDS) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), assessing seven critical thinking dispositions and six well-being dimensions, respectively. Sociodemographic data were also collected. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: Students demonstrated moderate to high levels of critical thinking and psychological well-being, with higher scores associated with increased age and academic progression. Significant positive correlations were identified between critical thinking dispositions and all well-being dimensions; personal growth, purpose in life, and autonomy exhibited the strongest associations. Regression analysis revealed that confidence in reasoning, cognitive maturity, and open-mindedness were significant predictors of psychological well-being, explaining 28.7% of the variance. Conversely, inquisitiveness showed a negative association with psychological well-being in the multivariate model, an unexpected finding that warrants cautious interpretation and further investigation. Conclusions: Critical thinking dispositions reflect affective tendencies and habitual ways of engaging with thinking. These dispositions appear to protect psychological well-being in higher education students. Integrating the development of emotional awareness and reflective thinking into curricula may therefore foster resilience and academic success. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore causal mechanisms and intervention efficacy in broader academic contexts.
- Development and validation of a Portuguese psychologist's empathy scale: A pilot studyPublication . Cruz, Márcia; Grilo, Ana; Custódio, Susana; Dores, Artemisa R.; Silva, Carina; Alves, PauloThe systematic assessment of empathy is essential for identifying psychologists' competencies and developmental needs, ultimately contributing to more effective clinical practice. Given the multidimensional nature of empathy, comprehensive evaluation requires consideration of its cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions. However, no existing instrument is specifically validated to assess psychologists' self-perceived empathy in clinical contexts. To address this limitation, the present pilot study aimed to develop and undertake a preliminarily validation of the Portuguese Psychologists' Empathy Scale (PPES), a self-report instrument designed to assess empathy among psychologists working in Portuguese-speaking contexts across these three components. The study proceeded in two phases: item construction and initial psychometric testing. A total of 106 Portuguese psychologists completed a 57-item Likert-type instrument. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant ( χ 2 (45) = 811.56, p < .001), and the KMO index (0.73) indicated moderate adequacy for factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three core factors explaining 48% of the total variance, with strong internal consistency. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported model refinement, leading to the removal of items with low factor loadings. The final PPES comprises 43 items distributed across cognitive (16), affective (16), and behavioural (11) dimensions. The findings provide encouraging preliminary evidence for the PPES, demonstrating robust internal consistency and acceptable initial factorial validity. Nevertheless, further studies using independent samples and external validation procedures are required to fully establish its psychometric soundness and clinical applicability with Portuguese-speaking psychologists.
- The Fenix reborn: Occupational therapy in the first humanitarian mission in PortugalPublication . Roldão, ElisabeteIn Portugal, June 2017, there was a large fire, which was considered a national disaster. It led to changes in people's daily routines, affecting their occupational performance and making them vulnerable. At the time, the non-governmental organisation, Doctors of the World, implemented the first humanitarian mission in Portugal–The Hope Mission. This mission, which was made up of a nurse, a community mediator, two occupational therapists, four occupational therapy students and a clinical educator, intervened with the population of the entire affected region. Their main objective was to meet the needs of the people; involving them in significant activities, re-organising their roles and routines, re-structuring their daily lives, increasing their quality of life and their wellbeing and avoiding social isolation. Home visits, group activities and projects were implemented in partnership with community institutions. One of the projects was the (Re)Start Project. An initial assessment was made by the occupational therapists in order to plan the intervention. The project consisted of home visits (where an evaluation of the home context was made), group sessions (cognitive stimulation, motion sessions and group dynamics) and individual sessions (focusing on the performance issue and difficulties experienced by each person undertaking their daily routines). To understand the degree of satisfaction of the participants, specifically in relation to the (Re)Start project, a questionnaire was given to all who participated for more than one month. From analysis of the questionnaires, the conclusion was drawn that participants were satisfied with the activities developed in the project and found them meaningful. The presence of occupational therapy in this scenario was found to be important and made a difference. It would be useful to repeat this type of intervention at a national level, if a further humanitarian crisis occurs, especially in areas with ageing population or which are geographically isolated.
- The experiences of mothers in caring for children with complex health conditions during hospitalization in Brazil: a grounded theory analysisPublication . Harmuch, Camila; Laranjeira, Carlos; Lima, Ana Luísa Serrano; Higarashi, Ieda Harumi; Jaques, André Estevam; Paiano, MarcellePurpose Children with Complex Health Conditions (CCHC) require prolonged, specialized, and multidisciplinary care, often demanding prolonged hospitalizations. In this context, mothers generally assume the role of primary caregivers, facing emotional, physical and social overload. However, their experiences during hospitalization remain little explored. This study aimed to understand the experiences and needs of mothers caring for CCHC during hospitalization. Design and methods This qualitative study used an inductive approach based on the Straussian Grounded Theory principles. Data collection took place between September 2024 and March 2025, through individual, in-person, semi-structured interviews, conducted with mothers of CCHC admitted to a Brazilian university hospital. Data analysis followed the constant comparison method, occurring simultaneously with collection, enabling the construction of categories and conceptual refinement. Results Sixteen mothers aged between 23 and 46 years (34.75 ± 7.55) were recruited. Data analysis generated the core category “Care experiences: balancing between light and shadow” around which three categories are anchored: 1) Dealing with the complexity of the disease and hospitalization; 2) Barriers to care dynamics during hospitalization; and 3) Enablers of care for children with complex health conditions. Conclusions The analysis of maternal experiences highlights the urgent need for care practices based on family-centered care models that recognize mothers as protagonists in the care process. Practice implications Findings support the implementation of institutional protocols that ensure effective communication, continuous support and qualification of professionals to promote a welcoming, safe and humanized environment, reducing the emotional and structural vulnerabilities faced by mothers who care for CCHC.
- Early Post-Discharge Predictors of Sedentary Behavior Following COPD Exacerbation: An Observational StudyPublication . Coluccia, Maria Gabriela; Cruz, Joana Patrícia Dos Santos; Brusaca, Luiz Augusto; Kawakami, Débora Mayumi de Oliveira; Araujo, Gustavo Henrique Guimarães; Karloh, Manuela; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires DiPatients hospitalized due to an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) often exhibit increased sedentary behavior (SB), which may persist after discharge and negatively affect recovery. However, early determinants of SB during this period remain unclear. To identify the factors at hospital discharge that predict SB 30 days later in patients with ECOPD. This observational longitudinal study included patients hospitalized for ECOPD, assessed during the first week after discharge and reassessed 30 days later. Data collected included sociodemographic information (age, sex, name, telephone number, and address), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]), clinical history (previous hospitalizations, exacerbations, and smoking status), dyspnea (Medical Research Council scale, mMRC), health status (COPD Assessment Test, CAT), co-morbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, 6MWT). Physical activity and sedentary behavior—including SB, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA) physical activity, step count, and sleep—were measured using a triaxial accelerometer worn for seven consecutive days. Accelerometer data were processed with ActiPASS software, and statistical analyses were performed in RStudio. Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the discharge variables that could predict SB at 30 days. Forty-four patients (61% female; age 66 ± 8 years; FEV1 53 ± 13%; Charlson 1 [1–2]; hospital stay 5 [3–6] days) were included. At discharge, median mMRC was 3 (2–3), CAT 21 ± 8, 6MWT 274 ± 102 m, steps/day 3,148, SB 619 ± 226 min/day, and LPA 216 min/day. At 30 days, SB was 615 ± 166 min/day. Dyspnea (mMRC) and LPA at discharge explained SB at 30 days (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.001). Higher levels of dyspnea and lower levels of LPA during the first week after discharge are the significant predictors of SB 30 days after hospitalization for ECOPD.
- Implementation of a mobile app (TeenPower) to prevent overweight and obesity: Preliminary results regarding lifestyle and usabilityPublication . Dias, Sara Simões; Frontini, Roberta; Sousa, PedroThe world is facing an enormous challenge: the vital need to prevent noncommunicable diseases such as overweight and obesity. Prevention programs must be not only valid and effective, but also attractive to young people. In fact, if the tool or program used is not attractive, the adherence to the treatment may not occur. The TeenPower project intended to create a platform for promoting healthy behaviors and fight overweight/obesity. This paper presents the preliminary results of the program regarding adolescents’ lifestyle and the usability tests. Adolescents from three different schools in the center of Portugal were recruited. Results showed that adolescents presented moderate healthy lifestyles, with the Interpersonal Relationships subscale showing higher values. Boys presented higher values in the subscale of Interpersonal Relationships compared to girls (p<0.001) and there are statistical differences between schools relating to the Stress Management subscale (p=0.014). Most users made a positive assessment in terms of perception of utility, perception of ease and attitude towards the TeenPower app. Nonetheless only 33.2% of the adolescents invited activated their profile at the TeenPower app. This final assessment was important to gather information and feedback to improve future prevention programs, which should focus on motivating these adolescents and their parents to use this type of apps. In a future research it will be also important to understand the reasons for teenager’s refusal to join this kind of programs.
- Effects of Anaesthesia on Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Parameters in Wistar RatsPublication . Guarino, Maria Pedro; Santos, Ana Isabel; Mota-Carmo, Miguel; Costa, Pedro FreireWe compared the effects of two different anaesthetics, sodium pentobarbital (65 mg/kg) and ketamine (30 mg/kg) plus xylazine (4 mg/kg) (KX) on insulin sensitivity, fasting glycaemia, insulinaemia and free fatty acids (FFA). Four groups of Wistar rats were used: KX group (n=6), pentobarbital group (n=6), high-sucrose diet group (n=6) and the conscious group (n=6). The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was used to measure insulin sensitivity, and metabolic biomarkers were determined using commercial kits. Pentobarbital did not alter plasma insulin, glucose, FFA or the ITT results compared to conscious animals. In contrast, KX anaesthesia induced hyperglycaemia, increased serum FFA and altered the ITT results compared to the conscious animal group. Moreover, under pentobarbital anaesthesia, the ITT proved to be a suitable method to detect insulin resistance in an animal model of diet-induced insulin resistance. We concluded that sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia should be used in metabolic studies since it does not interfere with plasma glucose, insulin, F FA or insulin sensitivity quantification in Wistar rats.
- O lugar da investigação participada de base comunitária na promoção da saúde mentalPublication . Gomes, José Carlos Rodrigues; Loureiro, Maria Isabel GuedesA saúde mental é imprescindível ao desenvolvimento social e económico das comunidades. Envolver as comunidades no desenho e desenvolvimento de planos locais de promoção da saúde mental é um importante desafio para garantir mais e melhor saúde mental a cada comunidade. De 2009 a 2012 desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso baseado nos pressupostos de uma investigação participada de base comunitária numa comunidade urbana da região metropolitana de Lisboa, com o objetivo de fundamentar o desenho de um plano local de promoção da saúde mental local. O resultado deste trabalho de parceria, que envolveu habitantes e organizações governamentais e não-governamentais da comunidade urbana, fundamentado na capacitação individual e comunitária da comunidade e dos seus membros, confirmou a necessidade de uma participação ativa e efetiva da comunidade no desenvolvimento de políticas locais de promoção da saúde e concluiu pela definição de 6 eixos estratégicos de intervenção pelo período temporal 2012/2015: uma escola com saúde mental; uma comunidade ativa e segura; uma comunidade solidária e inclusiva; uma comunidade atenta; uma organização económico-laboral promotora de saúde mental; uma senioridade mentalmente saudável.