Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-11-14"
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- Efeitos do mismatch educacional nos salários no mercado de trabalho português: uma análise dos Quadros de Pessoal (2010–2023)Oliveira, David Santos; Santos, Rui Filipe Vargas de Sousa; Lopes, Ana Sofia Patrício PintoO presente trabalho examina a relação entre a qualificação dos trabalhadores e os rendimentos reais no mercado de trabalho português, centrando-se no fenómeno do mismatch educacional, nomeadamente a discrepância entre o nível de escolaridade do indivíduo e o requerido pela sua profissão, e analisa as suas implicações salariais. Utilizando dados longitudinais dos Quadros de Pessoal entre 2010 e 2023, a investigação combina duas abordagens metodológicas complementares: regressões lineares anuais com base em dados cross-sectional, focando mais nas diferenças salariais entre trabalhadores, e modelos de dados em painel com efeitos fixos, permitindo captar variações temporais e controlar a heterogeneidade não observada dos indivíduos. As variáveis analisadas incluem fatores demográficos, de capital humano, empresariais, regionais, setoriais e contratuais, beneficiando da utilização dos Quadros de Pessoal, uma base de dados administrativa que cobre todos os trabalhadores do setor privado em Portugal. A dimensão desta base permite trabalhar com milhões de observações anuais, assegurando representatividade, bem como uma grande riqueza em termos de diversidade de variáveis disponíveis. Os resultados evidenciam que a escolaridade, o mismatch educacional, a produtividade e a dimensão da empresa são determinantes salariais robustos, enquanto características como género apresentam efeitos mais complexos e dependentes do modelo estimado. A comparação entre métodos mostra que o modelo em painel tende a reduzir a magnitude dos coeficientes. Esta diferença decorre não apenas do controlo de heterogeneidade não observada através dos efeitos fixos, mas também do facto de o painel captar a evolução do rendimento do mesmo indivíduo ao longo do tempo, proporcionando uma análise dinâmica das relações entre variáveis. Este trabalho contribui para o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre desigualdades salariais associadas ao mismatch educacional em Portugal, fornecendo evidência empírica útil para o desenho de políticas públicas que promovam uma melhor adequação entre qualificações e funções laborais.
- Nutritional tools to enhance the resilience to stress and diseases of the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannameiPublication . Andrade, Flávio André Monteiro; Baptista, Teresa Maria Coelho; Barreto, André BarretoThe Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is currently one of the most widely farmed aquaculture species. Industry faces challenges related to diseases and environmental fluctuations, which compromise productivity and sustainability. Since shrimp cannot be vaccinated, due to the lack of acquired immunity, and the use of antibiotics in aquaculture is increasingly restricted, immunomodulation through nutrition emerges as a viable alternative. This study evaluated the potential of supplementing diets with extracts derived from Salicornia ramosissima for juvenile P. vannamei, testing their ability to enhance resilience to extreme farming conditions, such as acute and chronic stress induced by air exposure. Five diets were formulated: one control and four supplemented with 0.1% and 0.5% inclusions of XAD and Ext3 extracts. Shrimps were fed the experimental diets for 29 days under normal and chronic stress conditions, followed by an acute stress challenge in the groups reared under normal conditions. Zootechnical parameters, survival after acute stress, and immunological and antioxidant biomarkers were analysed. Results showed that, in general, the extracts did not compromise growth or survival, except for the Ext3 at 0.1% treatment, which exhibited higher FCR. The stress methodologies effectively induced physiological responses, with differences in biomarkers between control and stressed groups. Although no clear effects were observed under chronic stress, some indications of a protective effect of the extracts were noted under acute stress, but these were not confirmed by mortality data. In conclusion, supplementation with S. ramosissima extracts did not impair shrimp performance and revealed promising trends that justify further investigation.
- Digital Play Addiction Tendency and Aggressive Behaviors Among Turkish Preschoolers: Evidence from Parent ReportsPublication . Semiz, Selahattin; Aykanat, Yüksel Büşra Yüksel; Çoksağır, Büşra Somuncu; Ali, Amira Mohammed; Laranjeira, Carlos; Yıldırım, MuratThe escalating exposure of young children to digital gaming necessitates a critical examination of its behavioral impacts. However, evidence regarding its influence on aggressive behavior remains limited. This study investigated the relationship between digital play addiction tendency and our dimensions of aggression: physical aggression, relational aggression, self-directed aggression, and aggression against objects. This study employed a cross-sectional design, gathering data through parent assessments. The sample consisted of 744 children aged 4 to 6 years. The average age of the participants was 33.5, with 82% of the sample being female. The participants came from a lower (27%), middle (37%), and high (36%) socioeconomic background. The data were analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach to test the hypothesized relationships. The main findings from the SEM analysis indicated that a higher digital play addiction tendency was a significant positive predictor of all four dimensions of aggression. These results highlight the potential adverse effects of digital play addiction tendency on the development of maladaptive behaviors in early childhood. This study underscores the urgent need to develop strategies that foster healthier digital media consumption and mitigate the adverse effects of digital gaming on children’s developmental outcomes.