Acute effects of dynamic stretching on knee joint position sense and dynamic balance in recreational runners: A randomized controlled trial

Simões, Edgar; Tavares, Nuno; Saraiva, Marina

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14992

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Authors

Simões, Edgar

Tavares, Nuno

Saraiva, Marina

Abstract(s)

Objectives: Proprioception and dynamic balance are crucial elements of neuromuscular control during running, supporting movement precision and postural adjustments. Dynamic stretching is commonly used in warm-ups to enhance muscle activation and sensorimotor readiness, but its acute effects on proprioception and balance remain unclear. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Participants: Sixty-two healthy recreational runners (25–45 years; ≥20 km/week), randomly assigned to a Dynamic Stretching group (n = 31) or a control group performing light walking (n = 31). Main outcome measures: Joint position sense was assessed through active joint repositioning using 2D video analysis, with Absolute Angular Error, Relative Angular Error, and Variable Angular Error as outcomes. Balance was evaluated using the Y-Balance Test, including anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions, as well as a composite score. Results: The Dynamic Stretching group showed significant reductions in Absolute Angular Error (p < 0.05) and Variable Angular Error (p < 0.001), with a between-group difference in Relative Angular Error (p = 0.043). Both groups improved Y-Balance Test scores, but the Dynamic stretching group achieved significantly greater gains in posteromedial reach and Composite Score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Dynamic stretching acutely improves proprioceptive accuracy and dynamic balance in recreational runners, supporting its inclusion in warm-up routines.

Description

Article number - 110049

Keywords

dynamic balance dynamic stretching joint position sense neuromuscular control proprioception recreational running

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14992

Citation

Edgar Simões, Nuno Tavares, Marina Saraiva, Acute effects of dynamic stretching on knee joint position sense and dynamic balance in recreational runners: A randomized controlled trial, Gait & Posture, Volume 124, 2026, 110049, ISSN 0966-6362, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.110049.