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- Comparative analysis of mandibular symphysis platesPublication . Dinis, Jairson C.; Kemmoku, Daniel T.; Noritomi, Pedro Y.; Silva, Jorge V. L.; Ruben, Rui B.Mandibular symphysis plates, used to heal fractures, can be made from different materials, normally titanium or CoCr alloys. In this work these two materials are tested and compared in order to study the plate's performance in fracture stabilization. This is a computational work performed with the advice of Brazilian maxoillofacial surgeons.
- Geometric and structural comparison of anatomic modelsPublication . Zeibak, R.; Freitas, D.; Almeida, H.A.; Bártolo, P.Computer Aided Design in the medical field helps translating CT and MRI data into anatomical 3D reconstructions. Accurate 3D models are valuable tools in several medical domains, thus finding accurate 3D reconstructions have profound advantages in all of the existing medical fields. The main objective of this research is to compare existing medical imaging processing softwares and evaluating their influence regarding both geometric deviations and numerical structural simulations between the 3D resulting models of both softwares.
- Automatic reconstruction of dental CT images using optimizationPublication . Amorim, Paulo H. J.; Moraes, Thiago F. de; Silva, Jorge V. L. da; Pedrini, Helio; Ruben, Rui B.Computed Tomography (CT) is, in several cases, important in dental diagnosis. In fact, the panoramic reconstruction is commonly used in order to have a longitudinal view of the dental arch. Nowadays, dental CT equipments emit lower-dose radiation compared with other CT machines. Thus, dental CT became popular. However, there are some equipments that are not able to make the panoramic reconstruction of the dental arch. In this work, a new method for automatically reconstructing the dental arch based in CT images is developed and discussed. The technique uses optimization methods in order to find the best B-spline that approaches the dental arch.
- Optimization of a perfusion bioreactor for tissue engineeringPublication . Freitas, D.; Almeida, H.A.; Bártolo, P.Tissue engineering aims to produce artificial tissue in order to create or repair the damage tissue. It is evident that scaffolds are of extreme importance, because they will be the support of the new tissue. This new tissue is cultivated in vitro in a bioreactor in which is placed the scaffold. In order to control the cell culture process inside of a bioreactor it is essential to know the fluid flow inside and around the scaffold and the respective wall shear stress. These wall shear stress must be adequate to the tissue to be cultivated, i.e., bone, muscle, cartilage and it is known that a proper stimulus is necessary to improve the cell proliferation inside the scaffold. This study consider a novel multifunctional bioreactor with a perfusion system module and it is intended to optimize the fluid flow within the scaffold and the respective wall shear stress on the scaffold.
- Assessment of Seismic Behavior of an RC Precast BuildingPublication . Vitorino, Hugo; Batalha, Nadia; Sousa, Romain; Fernandes, Paulo; Varum, Humberto; Rodrigues, HugoPast earthquakes brought attention to the poor performance of precast reinforced concrete structures. One of the problems observed in those structures is related to the beam-to-column connections. The evaluation of different methodologies for the analysis of beam-to-column connections in industrial buildings is an important aspect that should be studied. The numerical analyses developed allowed the study of the effect that different connection properties have on the frequencies of vibration, members drifts, and seismic coefficients. The connection properties were modeled through a macro-element that considers the friction (between concrete–concrete and concrete–neoprene) and the steel dowels. The results showed that the friction between concrete elements and the consideration of the neoprene in the connection has a small impact on the drifts demands in the columns and seismic coefficient of the analyzed structure; on the other hand, the effect of the steel dowel on the drift demand and seismic coefficient is significant. The comparison of the models with different properties and connections allowed a better understanding of the factors with a higher impact on the results.
- Photopolymerizable hydrogels in regenerative medicine and drug deliveryPublication . Pereira, Rúben F.; Bártolo, Paulo J.The use of photopolymerizable hydrogels in biotechnology and medicine has been increasing due to their ability to be introduced into the injured tissue through minimally invasive clinical methods and undergo in situ crosslinking after the exposure to an appropriate light source. These hydrogels can also be formed in the presence of cells and bioactive molecules, allowing the development of bioactive constructs for tissue regeneration, carriers for cell encapsulation, vehicles for drug and growth factor delivery, and cell-laden constructs to investigate both cell–cell and cell–material interactions. This chapter gives a general overview about the applications of photopolymerizable hydrogels for regenerative medicine and drug delivery, presenting the most recent advances and current challenges.
- Conducting Polymer‐Based Flexible Supercapacitor DevicesPublication . Torvi, Anand I.; Naik, Satishkumar R.; Hegde, Sachin N.; Mulla, Mohemmedumar; Kamble, Ravindra R.; Mitchell, Geoffrey R.; Kariduraganavar, Mahadevappa Y.Flexible supercapacitors are gaining considerable attention because of their wide range of applications in the area of flexible electronics. Significant opportunities exist and will continue to exist for the development of flexible energy storage devices through intensive research. The level of R&D activity in the general field of energy storage technology has been rising considerably all over the world during the last two decades, because of the growing recognition of the commercial potentialities of energy storage technology. This chapter focuses on the different types of conducting polymer-based supercapacitors, incorporating polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and the derivatives of polythiophene. Emphasis is given to the methods of fabricating flexible supercapacitor devices. The different electrolytes employed for the development of flexible supercapacitors are discussed. In the beginning, a brief account of the principles and classification of supercapacitors is described. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the prospects for flexible supercapacitor. To compile this chapter and to provide adequate information to the readers, we have explored all the possible materials available in the literature.
- PrefacePublication . Mitchell, GeoffreyRheology is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in the liquid state, but also as 'soft solids' or solids under flow conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to the applied force. An understanding of the flow of matter underpins a diversity of technologies and industrial processing including polymer and food processing. It applies to substances which have a complex microstructure, such as concentrated solutions, suspensions, polymers and inorganic glass formers as well as biological materials which belong to the class of soft matter. Rheological measurements are seemingly straightforward to make, but require models to interpret the mechanical measurements in terms of the microscopic behaviour of the material. A complementary approach is to perform structural characterisation of the material during the rheological measurements in order to observe directly the microscopic reorganisation which accompanies the flow. "Rheology: Theory, Properties and Practical Applications" draws these diverse strands of current rheological research in to a single volume which embraces theory, measurement and applications in topics as diverse as theory and electrospinning, coal ash slag and food processing, hydrogels and liquid crystal polymers, reaction injection moulding and microreheology. There is a strong focus on the emerging topics in rheology and its application to complex soft matter especially in the field of food science and technology. The sixteen chapters in the volume present unpublished research work across these topics from leading authorities in the relevant field. The volume has a strong international representation with the selected authors drawn from some ten countries in Europe, South America and the rest of the world. Each chapter contains a comprehensive bibliography of related work. "Rheology: Theory, Properties and Practical Applications" provides a fascinating snap shot across the current developments in rheology. (Imprint: Nova)
- Design of Pyrolysis System to Convert Waste Plastic to FuelsPublication . Oliveira, Nelson S.; Pardo, Michael; Capela, Carlos; Gaspar, Marcelo; Vasco, Joel; Heleno, LizeteThe conventional recycling technology to process waste plastic, mechanical recycling, is not suitable to recycle waste thermoplastic with high content of contamination. Pyrolysis is a promising technology since it can convert into valuable products, such as fuels and monomers. This study focused on the design of the pyrolysis equipment for waste plastic based on polyolefins. The feeder of waste plastic is a worm screw conveyor that will be in a pre-heating system. The batch reactor has support for catalyzer and can operate between 300 up to 600 ºC with attached induction system for heating. The output flows into condenser in series to separate two liquid phases and gases, depending on its boiling point. The 3D model was done with SolidWorks, control system modelled in CADe SIMU and particle simulation with FloXpress.
- Direct Digital Manufacturing: A Challenge to the Artistic Glass ProductionPublication . Felismina, R.; Silva, M.; Mateus, A.; Malça, C.Currently the high hand-labor costs, long production times, lack of automation and high energy consumption associated with the high temperatures required to produce pieces of glass, are identified as the main inhibitors of growth and economic development of the decorative and utility glass industrial sector. Current production processes impose limitations on the complexity of the geometry and shape of the glass pieces to be produced, which in turn greatly restricts the creativity of designers and consequently, the characteristics of differentiation and innovation presented by new products on the market.