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- Cuidar em enfermagem: estudo fenomenológicoPublication . Henriques, Carolina; Catarino, HelenaSer-se doente oncológico constitui uma experiência única e singular. A doença oncológica associada à dor e ao sofrimento apresenta-se como um processo desafiante para quem a experiência, para quem vive em redor dela ou para quem a cuida. O conforto dos doentes depende da capacidade dos médicos e enfermeiros em compreender e respeitar a diversidade dos significados e expressões da dor. Partindo da questão central desta investigação “Que significado tem o Cuidar para os profissionais de enfermagem de cuidados de saúde primários, para os doentes oncológicos com dor prolongada no tempo e para os seus familiares?”, foi realizado um estudo de natureza qualitativa de enfoque fenomenológico, tendo como população alvo os enfermeiros de cuidados de saúde primários, os doentes oncológicos com dor prolongada no tempo e os familiares significativos do doente oncológico que faziam parte (ou como profissionais, ou como utentes/familiares) de Centros de Saúde. Ao contrário do que este estudo nos poderia sugerir à partida, ele não fala somente de enfermeiros, de doentes e de seus familiares, fala-nos do cerne da enfermagem. Entendendo que o foco de atenção da enfermagem é o estudo da resposta humana à doença e aos processos de vida, o enfermeiro deverá ser capaz, quer com estes ou outros doentes, quer com estes ou outros familiares, de diagnosticar as respostas humanas à doença e aos processos de vida, a partir do qual viabilize uma produção de um processo de cuidados profissional em parceria com a pessoa, baseado na relação interpessoal (Meleis, 1991). Assim parece-nos hoje fundamental continuar a investigar os componentes culturais do cuidar na sociedade portuguesa, de que forma ele é percecionado, expresso e vivido profissionalmente. Arruda (1992) chega mesmo a afirmar que este assunto, que é o cerne da profissão de enfermagem, não tem merecido a atenção necessária por parte dos enfermeiros.
- Importância dos programas de prevenção de violência no namoroPublication . Fernandes, Maria Isabel Dominges; Catarino, Helena; Custódio, Susana Margarida RodriguesEste estudo tem como finalidade avaliar os resultados obtidos com a implementação do projeto N(amor)o (Im)Perfeito – centrado na prevenção da VRI – e desenvolvido com estudantes do ensino secundário da região centro de Portugal. Para além de se conhecer algumas características sociodemográficas destes estudantes, procurou-se caraterizar as relações de namoro entre as/os estudantes; determinar a prevalência de comportamentos de vitimização e perpetração da violência no namoro; avaliar os conhecimentos das/os estudantes face à violência nas relações de intimidade; identificar as suas práticas perante situações de violência nas relações de namoro; comparar os conhecimentos sobre violência nas relações de intimidade e as suas práticas perante uma situação de violência no namoro; e ainda avaliar a satisfação e a importância dos workshops para a aquisição de conhecimentos e para a adoção de estratégias adequadas na construção de relações de intimidade saudáveis. Após terem sido apresentados os resultados obtidos no capítulo anterior importa agora salientar alguns dos resultados, para os confrontar com o referido na literatura. Assim, ao longo deste capítulo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos, analisando-os e discutindo-os à luz das teorias e da literatura referida nos primeiros capítulos, no sentido de encontrar evidências que ajudem à compreensão dos resultados dos workshops desenvolvidos junto das/os jovens no que se prende com a VRI.
- 3D shape prior active contours for an automatic segmentation of a patient specific femur from a CT scanPublication . Almeida, D.; Folgado, J.; Fernandes, P.R.; Ruben, RuiThe following paper describes a novel approach to a medical image segmentation problem. The fully automated computational procedure receives as input images from CT scan exams of the human femur and returns a three dimensional representation of the bone. This patient specific iterative approach is based in 3D active contours without edges, implemented over a level set framework, on which the evolution of the contour depends on local image parameters which can easily be defined by the user but also on a priori information about the volume to segment. This joint approach will lead to an optimal solution convergence of the iterative method. The resulting point cloud can be an excellent starting point for a Finite Element mesh generation and analysis or the basis for a stereolitography for example.
- Intelligent traffic management at intersections: Legacy mode for vehicles not equipped with V2V and V2I communicationsPublication . Bento, Luís Conde; Parafita, Ricardo; Santos, Sergio; Nunes, UrbanoThis paper describes a legacy algorithm for an intelligent traffic management system applied to automatic regulation of traffic at intersections. The application of the legacy algorithm enables the intelligent intersection to accommodate vehicles, in a low percentage, not equipped or with faulty V2V and V2I communications. The developed intelligent traffic management techniques, which are based on a spatiotemporal reservation scheme, aim to minimize accidents, traffic congestion and consequently the environmental costs of road traffic. The performance of three intelligent traffic management algorithms applied to road intersections, roundabouts and crossroads, are analyzed. Compared with traditional traffic management techniques, simulation results using the developed intelligent traffic management techniques, show that the traffic output flux can be increased, traffic flow rate can be higher and the average time to cross intersections can be significantly reduced. This reduction is more pronounced when the traffic flow is heavy. The conducted studies show that the inclusion of a low percentage of vehicles, not equipped or with faulty V2V and V2I communications, in intelligent intersections using the legacy algorithm, have a low impact on the traffic flow. © 2013 IEEE.
- Using text mining to diagnose and classify epilepsy in childrenPublication . Luis Pereira; Rijo, Rui; Silva, Catarina; Agostinho, MargaridaEpilepsy diagnosis can be an extremely complex process, demanding considerable time and effort from physicians and healthcare infrastructures. Physicians need to classify each specific type of epilepsy based on different data, e.g., types of seizures, events and exams' results. This work presents a text mining approach to support medical decisions relating to epilepsy diagnosis and classification in children. We propose a text mining process that, using patient medical records, applies ontologies and named entities recognition as preprocessing steps, then applying K-Nearest Neighbors as a white-box lazy method to classify each instance. Results on real medical records suggest that the proposed framework shows good performance and clear interpretations, albeit the reduced volume of available training data.
- Profile-based system for nutritional information managementPublication . Costa, Rui; Marcelino, Luis; Silva, CatarinaNowadays health concerns are effectively becoming ubiquitous. Most people have the need to effectively control their nutritional consumptions, mostly due to health issues. Personal computational devices may assist this control with a solution that allows an efficient management of each individual nutritional profile. In this work we propose a mobile service architecture that allows users to manage their nutritional information, using a profile-based system and build shopping lists based on the user’s profiles. This application may contribute to the improvement of the lifestyle of the population through the recommendation of food and drinks that fit their profile of restrictions and/or nutritional options (for instance, due to hypertension or obesity, among others). The person’s profile can be accessed and configured on a mobile device. A set of predefined templates provides the initial rules that may be customized to represent specific individual nutrition rules. The rules defined in the profile can later be used to filter the food presented to each user. The paper includes preliminary usability results from experiments using real data to validate the approach. These results suggest it could be used in real scenarios, although it may require more than simply filtering results.
- Bases of the space of solutions of some fourth-order linear difference equations: applications in rational approximationPublication . Marcellán, Francisco; Mendes, Ana; Pijeira, HéctorIt is very well known that a sequence of polynomials {Qn(x)}∞n=0 orthogonal with respect to a Sobolev discrete inner product 〈f,g〉s = ∫Ifg dμ+λf′(0)g′(0), λ ∈ ℝ+ where μ is a finite Borel measure and I is an interval of the real line, satisfies a five-term recurrence relation. In this contribution we study other three families of polynomials which are linearly independent solutions of such a five-term linear difference equation and, as a consequence, we obtain a polynomial basis of such a linear space. They constitute the analogue of the associated polynomials in the standard case. Their of {Qn(x)}∞n=0 explicit expression in terms of using an integral representation is given. Finally, an application of these polynomials in rational approximation is shown.
- The role of country and industry factors during volatile timesPublication . Marcelo, José Luis Miralles; Quirós, José Luis Miralles; Martins, JoséGlobal stock market investment has highlighted the debate about whether country effects are typically more relevant than sector/industry effects in international stock returns. This paper studies the roles of country and industry effect on several major European financial markets. We find clear evidence that diversification over industries yields fundamental relevance for obtaining more efficient portfolios, and that ignoring the industrial mix leads to an important loss of diversification benefits. In addition we examine the behavior of country and industry effects during high (low) volatility periods. Alluring investors to diversify across industries requires a country to industry effect ratio to be substantially lower during high than low volatility periods. The fact that countries tend to move together during volatile periods posits that industry diversification may provide relatively more protection in crisis. For the entire time span we find that industries provide better protection in times of high volatility relative to countries. However, countries do perform better in absolute terms. Finally, we conclude that investors seeking global representation in their investment portfolios should continue to consider diversifying broadly across both countries and industries. Our findings have important implications for international portfolio diversification.
- Influence of Aloe vera on water absorption and enzymatic in vitro degradation of alginate hydrogel filmsPublication . Pereira, Rúben F.; Carvalho, Anabela; Gil, M.H.; Mendes, Ausenda; Bártolo, Paulo J.This study investigates the influence of Aloe vera on water absorption and the in vitro degradation rate of Aloe vera-Ca-alginate hydrogel films, for wound healing and drug delivery applications. The influence of A. vera content (5%, 15% and 25%, v/v) on water absorption was evaluated by the incubation of the films into a 0.1 M HCl solution (pH 1.0), acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and simulated body fluid solution (pH 7.4) during 24 h. Results show that the water absorption is significantly higher for films containing high A. vera contents (15% and 25%), while no significant differences are observed between the alginate neat film and the film with 5% of A. vera. The in vitro enzymatic degradation tests indicate that an increase in the A. vera content significantly enhances the degradation rate of the films. Control films, incubated in a simulated body fluid solution without enzymes, are resistant to the hydrolytic degradation, exhibiting reduced weight loss and maintaining its structural integrity. Results also show that the water absorption and the in vitro degradation rate of the films can be tailored by changing the A. vera content.
- ABI1 and PP2CA Phosphatases Are Negative Regulators of Snf1-Related Protein Kinase1 Signaling in ArabidopsisPublication . Rodrigues, Américo; Adamo, Mattia; Crozet, Pierre; Margalha, Leonor; Confraria, Ana; Martinho, Cláudia; Elias, Alexandre; Rabissi, Agnese; Lumbreras, Victoria; González-Guzmán, Miguel; Antoni, Regina; Rodriguez, Pedro L.; Baena-González, ElenaPlant survival under environmental stress requires the integration of multiple signaling pathways into a coordinated response, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this integration are poorly understood. Stress-derived energy deprivation activates the Snf1-related protein kinases1 (SnRK1s), triggering a vast transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming that restores homeostasis and promotes tolerance to adverse conditions. Here, we show that two clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), established repressors of the abscisic acid (ABA) hormonal pathway, interact with the SnRK1 catalytic subunit causing its dephosphorylation and inactivation. Accordingly, SnRK1 repression is abrogated in double and quadruple pp2c knockout mutants, provoking, similarly to SnRK1 overexpression, sugar hypersensitivity during early seedling development. Reporter gene assays and SnRK1 target gene expression analyses further demonstrate that PP2C inhibition by ABA results in SnRK1 activation, promoting SnRK1 signaling during stress and once the energy deficit subsides. Consistent with this, SnRK1 and ABA induce largely overlapping transcriptional responses. Hence, the PP2C hub allows the coordinated activation of ABA and energy signaling, strengthening the stress response through the cooperation of two key and complementary pathways.
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