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- SPACEE Protocol: “Spiritual Care Competence” in PAlliative Care Education and PracticE: Mixed-Methods Research in the Development of Iberian GuidelinesPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Benito, Enric; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Dones, Monica; Specos, Marcela; Querido, AnaSpiritual care requires understanding the spiritual experiences of patients and recognizing their resources and needs. Therefore, educators and practitioners should develop their knowledge and understanding in this regard. Spiritual care helps people overcome their anxieties, worries, and suffering; reduces stress; promotes healing; and encourages patients to find inner peace. To provide comprehensive and appropriate care while upholding human/ethical virtues, the spiritual dimension must be a priority. We aim to develop spiritual care competence guidelines for Palliative Care (PC) education and practice in Portugal and Spain. The study detailed in this protocol paper will include three phases. In phase I, the phenomenon will be characterized and divided into two tasks: (1) a concept analysis of “spiritual care competence”; and (2) a systematic review of interventions or strategies used to integrate spiritual care in PC education and practice. Phase II will entail a sequential explanatory approach (online survey and qualitative interviews) to deepen understanding of the perceptions and experiences of educators, practitioners, and patients/family carers regarding spiritual care in PC education and practice and generate ideas for the next steps. Phase III will comprise a multi-phased, consensus-based approach to identify priority areas of need as decided by a group of experts. Results will be used to produce guidelines for integrating spirituality and spiritual care competence within PC education and practice and synthesized in a white book for PC professionals. The value of this improved examination of spiritual care competence will ultimately depend on whether it can inform the development and implementation of tailored educational and PC services. The project will promote the ‘spiritual care’ imperative, helping practitioners and patients/family carers in their preparedness for End-of-Life care, as well as improving curricular practices in this domain.
- Practices of caregivers when evaluating the risk of falls in the admission of older adults to nursing homesPublication . Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosFalls are a complex problem for the older population residing in nursing homes. Despite recommendations, many difficulties remain in the evaluation of and systematic information on fall risk factors.
- Atitudes dos educadores face mau trato infantil : construção e validação de uma escalaPublication . Catarino, Helena; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Vicente Castro, Florencio
- Effectiveness of a combined intervention on psychological and physical capacities of frail older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trialPublication . Apóstolo, João Luís Alves; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Bobrowicz-Campos, Elzbieta Malgorzata; Areosa, Timóteo; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Braúna, Mónica; Ribeiro, Jaime; Marques, Isabel; Freitas, Joana; Almeida, Maria de Lurdes; Couto, FilipaBackground: Older adults experience physical and psychological declines affecting independency. Adapted and structured combined interventions composed of cognitive stimulation and physical exercise contribute to comorbidities’ reduction. Methods: Multicenter single-blinded two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial conducted to assess effectiveness of a combined intervention (CI), composed of a cognitive stimulation program (CSP) and a physical exercise program (PEP), on psychological and physical capacities of frail older adults as to on their activities of daily living. Were recruited 50 subjects from two elderly end-user organizations. Of these, 44 (65.9% females, mean age of 80.5 8.47 years) were considered eligible, being randomly allocated in experimental (EG) or control group (CG). Data collected at baseline and post-intervention. EG received CI three times a week during 12 weeks. CG received standard care. Non-parametric measures were considered. Results: At baseline, groups were equivalent for study outcomes. The comparison of pre- and post-intervention data revealed that subjects receiving CI reduced depressive symptomatology and risk of fall based on gait and balance, and improved gait speed. Simultaneously, in the CG a significant decline on activities of daily living was observed. Significant results were found among biomechanical parameters of gait (BPG). EG’ effect size revealed to be small (0.2 r < 0.5). CG’ effect size was also small; but for activities of daily living there was an evident decrease. Conclusion: The CI is effective on managing older adults’ psychological and physical capacities.
- Substance abuse and susceptibility to false memory formation: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Caetano, Tânia; Pinho, Maria Salomé; Ramadas, Eduardo; Lopes, Jessica; Areosa, Timóteo; Ferreira, Daniela; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosBackground: Substance abuse has an impact on various cognitive domains, including memory. Even though this impact has been extensively examined across different subdomains, false memory has been sparsely studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis seek to synthesize the current scientific data concerning false memory formation in individuals with a history of substance abuse. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched to identify all experimental and observational studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Studies were then examined by four independent reviewers and, if they met the inclusion criteria, assessed for their quality. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists for quasi-experimental and analytic cross-sectional studies were used to assess the risk of bias. Results: From the 443 screened studies, 27 (and two more from other sources) were considered eligible for full-text review. A final 18 studies were included in the present review. Of these, 10 were conducted with alcoholics or heavy drinkers, four focused on ecstasy/polydrug users, three were done with cannabis users and one focused on methadone maintenance patients with current cocaine dependence. Regarding false memory type, 15 studies focused on false recognition/recall, and three on provoked confabulation. Conclusions: None but one of the studies considering false recognition/recall of critical lures found any significant differences between individuals with a history of substance abuse and healthy controls. However, most of the studies taking into account false recognition/recall of related and unrelated events found that individuals with a history of substance abuse showed significantly higher rates of false memories than controls. Future research should continue to consider different types of false memories as well as their potential association with relevant clinical variables. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=266503, identifier: CRD42021266503. Copyright © 2023 Caetano, Pinho, Ramadas, Lopes, Areosa, Ferreira and Dixe.
- Perception of learning, satisfaction and self-efficacy of nursing students about High-Fidelity SimulationPublication . Duarte, Hugo Miguel Santos; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Sousa, Pedro Miguel LopesBackground Over the last years the teaching of nursing has been progressively directed to the use of new methodologies, among which we highlight the High-Fidelity Simulation (HFS), which allows nursing students to have their first contact with the clinical practice within the academic environment. Objective: To evaluate and correlate the perception of learning, satisfaction and self-efficacy of nursing students about HFS. Methods A correlational study with 139 nursing students was developed, using the Portuguese version of the Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Learning and Learner Satisfaction with Simulation Tool. Results Nursing students reveal a moderated perception of learning about the HFS (3.649 ± 0.513 out of 5 points), a good level of satisfaction (7.317 ± 1.065 out of 10 points) and a self-efficacy for the practice of HFS (31.590 ± 3.974 out of 40 points). All correlations between perception of learning, satisfaction and self-efficacy of the students regarding HFS were positive and highly significant (p ≤ 0.001), with values between 0.991 and 0.385. Conclusions This study reveals that nursing students are satisfied with the practice of HFS, as well as shows a positive perception of learning and self-efficacy about HFS. The fact that the correlations among these three variables are highly significant and positive, demonstrate the importance of the practice of HFS within the school environment, which allows the development of experiences of high value for the nursing students.
- Death Unpreparedness Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Concept AnalysisPublication . Costeira, Cristina; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Querido, Ana; Rocha, Ana; Vitorino, Joel; Santos, Cátia; Laranjeira, CarlosThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed changes upon the capacity of healthcare systems, with significant repercussions on healthcare provision, particularly at end-of-life. This study aims to analyze the concept map of death unpreparedness due to the COVID-19 pandemic, capturing the relationships among the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical indicators. Walker and Avant’s method was used to guide an analysis of this concept. A literature search was performed systematically, between May 2022 and August 2023, using the following electronic databases on the Elton Bryson Stephens Company (EBSCO) host platform: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Cochrane Library, and Nursing and Allied Health Collection. Thirty-four articles were retrieved. The unexpected and unpredictable impositions associated with inexperience and unskillfulness in dealing with COVID-19 configured challenges for healthcare professionals, family/caregivers, and even the dying person. Nine key attributes emerged in three main domains: (1) Individual: (a) disease-related conditions, (b) separation distress, and (c) scarcity of death and grief literacy; (2) Relational: (a) Dying alone, (b) poor communication, and (c) existential issues; and (3) Contextual: (a) disrupted collective mourning and grieving, (b) disrupted compassionate care and, (c) pandemic social stigma. This study contributed a full definition of death unpreparedness in a global pandemic scenario such as COVID-19. In this sense, feeling unprepared or unready for death brought new challenges to the bioecological resources of those affected. It is essential to embrace strategies capable of providing emotional and spiritual support in the dying process and to respect patient wishes. The lessons learned from COVID-19 should be applied to events with a comparable impact to minimize their consequences.
- Dificuldades dos cuidadores de doentes dependentesPublication . Marques, Rita Margarida Dourado; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosIntrodução e objectivos: É bem conhecido que uma das causas das sucessivas recorrências dos doentes dependentes ao serviço de urgência, nomeadamente os idosos, se prende com dificuldades sentidas pelos cuidadores no domicílio pelo que este estudo teve como objectivos determinar a taxa de prevalência, os factores preditivos de readmissão dos doentes dependentes e conhecer quais são as dificuldades dos seus cuidadores e as respostas prestadas pelos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Neste estudo correlacionado aplicamos uma entrevista a 107 doentes dependentes e seus cuidadores que recorreram a um Serviço de Urgência de um Hospital Central de Lisboa nos meses de Abril a Julho. A taxa de prevalência foi determinada através de uma entrevista telefónica um mês após a entrevista e alta do serviço de Urgencia. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram uma taxa de readmissão de 28%. Informação sobre a Satisfação das Necessidades Humanas Básicas do doente, sintomas da doença, evolução e prognostico assim como a medicação e seus efeitos foram as necessidades mais referidas pelos cuidadores. Um menor nível de dependência e menor número de dias decorridos desde a última vinda do doente ao serviço de urgência foram determinadas como factores preditivos da readmissão. As caracteristicas sociodemograficas tanto do doente como do cuidador não constituem factores preditivos de readmissão.
- Health practices and behaviours of studentsPublication . Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Gaspar, Pedro; Monteiro, Baltazar Ricardo; Lopes, António JoséAims: To determine the practices and behaviours determinants of health among students; to determine the prevalence of eating disorders in a non-clinic population of students and to determine some predicting factors of the health practices and behaviours of students Methodology: A Cross sectional correlational study was conducted. The population for this study was composed of 1442 students who filled a questionnaire composed of: sociodemographic and family data, health practices and behaviours and diagnostic criteria for eating disorders; and general health data Results: The majority of students perceive health as good. As to the prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia, girls registered a higher rate than boys (p<0,05) Identical results were found for the abdominal perimeter, with girls presenting a higher coronary risk when this parameter is present. The prevalence rate of pre-obesity and obesity is higher among male students. The results demonstrate differences according to gender which suggest that girls have healthier practices, eating and sleeping habits, driving behaviours and physical activity than boys. Older students have healthier eating and physical activity behaviours than younger students. The health practices and behaviours of students do not rely on the fact of them having all their meals at home. No potential cases of anorexia or bulimia were detected.
- Preschool children’s attitudes towards their peers with special needsPublication . Reis, Helena; Silva, Alexandra; Simões, Bruna; Moreira, Joana; Dias, Patrícia; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosThis study explores children’s attitudes towards their peers with special needs (SN) at a preschool level. A total of 151 children were examined using the Acceptance Scale for Kindergarteners – Revised and social demographic questionnaires to collect information from parents and educators. The research included preschool children (5 years old) attending private preschools in a city of Portugal- Leiria-as well as their corresponding parents and educators. Further, 10 classrooms within preschools participated in the study, with a sample of 151 children, 149 parents, and 14 educators. Internal consistency was calculated, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient for the complete scale was .688. Results revealed that the average score associated with children’s attitudes was 18.78 (DP = 5.88). Children have more positive attitudes if they are in contact with peers with special needs regardless of the location (p < .05). Although children who have contact with peers with special needs in classroom have positive attitudes (p < .01) those who have contact in the preschool (outside classroom) have much more (p < .01). The results of this study provide insights into children’s attitudes and reveal that closer contact with children with special needs benefits peer attitudes.