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- Structural conservation and vernacular constructionPublication . Lourenço, P.B.; Varum, H.; Vasconcelos, G.; Rodrigues, H.Modern societies understand built cultural heritage, including vernacular construction, as a landmark of culture and diversity, which needs to be protected and brought to the next generations in suitable condition. Still, a large part of this heritage is affected by structural problems that menace the safety of buildings and people. In the case of vernacular construction, deterioration due to abandonment is often present, making the phenomena of urbanization one of the most important menaces to this built heritage. The developments in the areas of inspection, non-destructive testing, monitoring and structural analysis of historical constructions, together with recent guidelines for reuse and conservation, allow for safer, economical and adequate remedial measures, as discussed in this paper.
- Fraud Prediction in Smart Supply Chains Using Machine Learning TechniquesPublication . Constante-Nicolalde, Fabián-Vinicio; Guerra-Terán, Paulo; Pérez-Medina, Jorge-LuisIn the domain of Big Data, the company’s supply chain has a very high-risk exposure and this must be observed from a preventive perspective, that is, act before such situations occur. As a company grows and diversifies the number of suppliers, customers and therefore increases its number of daily transactions and associated risks. Despite the innovation and improvements that have been incorporated into financial management, credit and debit cards are the main means of exchanging cash online, with the expansion of e-commerce, online shopping has also increased number of extortion cases that have been identified and that continues to expand greatly. It takes a lot of time, effort and investment to restore the impact of these damages. In this paper, we work with machine learning techniques, used in predicting smart supply chain fraud, are valuable for estimating, classifying whether a transaction is normal or fraudulent, and mitigating future dangers.
- PrefacePublication . Almeida, Henrique A.; Vasco, Joel C.The “Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing” book contains keynotes and papers presented at the first International Conference on Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing (ProDPM’19), organized by the School of Technology and Management (ESTG) of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPLeiria), from October 2 to 4, 2019. This international conference aims to provide a major international forum for the scientific exchange of multi-disciplinary and inter-organizational aspects performed by academics, researchers, and industrial partners in order to exchange ideas in the field of digital and physical manufacturing and related areas. It represents a significant contribution to the current advances in industrial digital and physical manufacturing issues as it contains topical research in this field.
- ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION: APPROACHES AND PLATFORMS TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS IN THE CLOUDPublication . Rosa-Sequeira, Fernando; Basto-Fernandes, Vítor; Frantz, Rafael Z.Nowadays companies have a software ecosystem composed of more than one application to support their business processes. On the Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) field can be found a set of methods, techniques, and tools to integrate them in a synchronous or asynchronous way. In this chapter, we review integration approaches and integration platforms available in the Cloud. We demonstrate the use of an integration platform by means of a case of study for a research outcomes and technological information management integration problem. The proposal addresses Portuguese and international science and research outcomes information management, and corresponding information systems. There are presented problems in interoperability between information systems. A business and technological perspective is provided, including the conceptual analysis and modelling, an integration solution based on a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) and the integration platform to execute the proposed solution. For illustrative purposes, the role and information system needs of a research unit is assumed as the representative case.
- Building Strategic Capabilities in Brazilian FirmsPublication . Fleury, Maria Tereza Leme; Calixto, Cyntia Vilasboas; Frias Pinto, Cláudia Sofia; Fleury, AfonsoIn this chapter, we highlight the strategic capabilities that have enabled six Brazilian companies to achieve competitive advantage. We selected firms from different industries and stages of internationalization in order to show a broad perspective of local and international successful firms. WEG and Fanen developed technological capabilities associated to both world-class manufacturing and product innovation, whereas Stefanini and Integration have consolidated knowledge about servicing emerging markets. Grendene’s production and operations are its key capabilities for international operations through exports, while innovative design and processes support their strategy in the local markets. The key capabilities of Dr.Consulta are entrepreneurship and innovation. In sum, due to highly turbulent institutional and economic environment, Brazilian firms have had to develop some specific capabilities, especially those related to financial management and organizational flexibility.
- Enhanced reconditioning of heavy-duty pulp industry equipment: Advantages of abrasive waterjet cuttingPublication . Ramalho, Armando Lopes; Silva, Agostinho da; Gaspar, Marcelo Calvete; Capela, Carlos; Celorrio-Barragué, Luis; Glăvan, Dan OvidiuWithin a pulp industry production process, a drop in the performance of a wood log rotary debarker was identified. Such loss of performance was due to the occurrence of excessive wear of the device's cutting blades, requiring their regular and premature replacement. The material used to manufacture the cutting blades, Hardox 500, has characteristics considered adequate for the required use. However, it was concluded that the blade manufacturing process degraded its mechanical properties, leading to its premature wear when placed in service. The present study intends to propose, characterize, and validate an alternative cutting process to manufacture the debarker's cutting blades. Abrasive waterjet cutting technology was proposed to produce the cutting blades. The suitability of this manufacturing process is discussed considering the specified geometry and the material characteristics of the resulting cutting blades.
- Entrepreneurship and National CulturePublication . Dantas, José Guilherme Leitão; Moreira, António; Valente, Fernando ManuelThe direct relationship between national cultural practice and entrepreneurship activities is analyzed in this chapter, based on the analysis of 44 countries. Datasets from 2012 and 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report are used to characterize three types of entrepreneurship: early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA); necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE) and opportunity-driven (ODE) entrepreneurship. Data sets on national cultural values are used to analyze five dimensions of Hofstede's work on cultural values (power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance). For that, the authors use the Values Survey Module 2013, which has been adapted from Hofstede's previous work from 2010 and 2008. The main conclusion is that the three types of entrepreneurship analyzed in this chapter are differently explained by the cultural and expanded models. If the country of origin and the type of economy are useful to explain TEA, they are of no added value to explain necessity-driven or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.
- Security Monitoring in a Low Cost Smart Home for the ElderlyPublication . Ferreira, Gabriel; Penicheiro, Paulo; Bernardo, Ruben; Neves, Álvaro; Mendes, Luís; Barroso, João; Pereira, AntónioThe general increase in life expectancy and the consequent ageing of the general population impose major challenges to modern societies. Most elderly people experience the typical problems related to old age, such as chronic health problems, as well as sensory and cognitive impairments. In addition, in today’s modern societies, where families have less and less time to look after their older relatives, the isolation of the elderly is a real concern and a highly recurrent problem, which is enhanced when they live alone. To solve, or at least minimize, these problems, a smart home monitoring system was developed, as presented and described in this paper. This solution is implemented based on a sensory network which detects anomalous behaviors, immediately triggering a warning to the caregiver or family. A strong concern when developing a project of this kind is the physical security of the elderly. Houses tend to have hazardous objects and characteristics that may inflict serious injuries to their occupants or, in extrema, even death. As time goes by, the elderly start losing muscle mass and osteoporosis may appear, as well as vision and hearing impairments, which increase the likelihood of falling. Several other serious accidents may also occur, such as gas leaks, floods and fire outbreaks. Therefore, this population would strongly benefit from a solution which helps predict and even prevent accidents before they happen.
- Low-Cost Smart Surveillance System for Smart CitiesPublication . Brás Pereira, Rúben Filipe; Correia, Diogo; Mendes, Luís; Rabadão, Carlos; Barroso, João; Pereira, AntónioThe safety of people and spaces is of paramount importance for societies. With time, the implementation of safety measures is rapidly changing from a need to a priority. Video surveillance systems play a key role in the surveillance of crucial and critical areas as these systems help the authorities keep places safer. With the rapid growth of technology and the implementation of the smart city concept, it is becoming possible to develop and deploy wide area surveillance systems. The ease with which these systems can be installed in private and public spaces (e.g., homes, streets and parks) allow for the creation of ubiquitous monitored environments. Rapid intervention responses to any abnormal situation or the use of recorded video as evidence are some advantages of the use of this type of surveillance systems. Although ubiquitous video surveillance systems are relevant for present modern societies, their cost is still high. To solve or, at least to mitigate this problem, a low-cost smart surveillance system was developed, which is presented and described in this paper. The developed surveillance system, based on available low-cost technology, can help keep critical spaces under surveillance 24/7. The proposed solution was found to have a minimal cost, a low bandwidth, and to be scalable and adaptable to every client’s needs. Thus, the solution can be used by anybody (private and public) and applied in different contexts (e.g., residential, industrial). The system can provide still images, captured from surveillance video cameras, real time video and real time video processing, which can be used for motion detection. When this happens, the user is warned via an e-mail containing the identification of the respective surveillance camera. Only the relevant video events are sent, recorded and maintained in the cloud platform system, consequently reducing the amount of storage space required to maintain all the historical video events. The results of the tests carried out show that it is possible to stream a video from the surveillance cameras with an insignificant delay and that motion detection can be attained through real time video processing. The system presented potentiates a low-cost solution for a smart city in the surveillance field.
- JavaScript Middleware for Mobile Agents Support on Desktop and Mobile PlatformsPublication . Silva, Carlos; Costa, Nuno; Grilo, Carlos; Veloz, JorgeThe evolution of technology in interconnection solutions such as Networks or the Internet, have allowed many communication architectures to be born and a varied interconnectivity. Here, we present a project that relies on the mobile agent computing paradigm. A middleware using the JavaScript language that allows the execution and ability to move mobile agents through the local network and Internet. This initiative arose as a way of dealing with problems raised by the considerable amount of existing Java based mobile agents middleware, which force the installation of the Java Virtual Machine in the devices, making complicated its execution in operating systems like macOS, iOS and others non-java friendly O.S. Our middleware works steadily in all operating systems, requiring only the installation of node.js. For mobile platforms the middleware is developed using React-native that allows it to run on mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS.