LIDA - Comunicações em encontros científicos internacionais
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- Soldadura por explosão de alumínio a aço inoxidável – efeito da placa intermédiaPublication . Mendes, Ricardo Lopes; Pimenta, João Rosa; Galvão, Ivan Garcia; Carvalho, Gustavo Senna; Leal, Rui ManuelA ligação de alumínio-aço inoxidável é utilizada em várias áreas industriais, nomeadamente, na indústria naval e criogénica. A fabricação de materiais bi-metálicos, com propriedades físicas diferentes, é difícil de realizar através das técnicas de soldadura convencionais, senão mesmo impossível, pelo que a soldadura por explosão pode ser considerada. Neste estudo, foi realizada a ligação de alumínio AA6082 e aço inoxidável AISI 304 na configuração de juntas sobrepostas, utilizando uma composição explosiva baseada em nitrato de amónio. Devido à dificuldade de ligação direta do AA6082 a AISI 304, que apresenta a formação de compostos intermetálicos em extensões consideráveis e que só ocorre para velocidades do ponto de colisão inferior a 2300 m/s, foi considerado colocar uma placa intermédia, com 1 mm de espessura, entre a placa voadora e a placa base. Desta forma, foi possível reduzir a energia cinética da placa voadora e obter placas de alumínio-aço inoxidável ligadas e com boas propiedades mecânicas. Os materiais das placas intermédias testadas foram alumínio, titânio e aço carbono. A influência da colocação de uma placa intermédia nas propriedades da microestrutura da interface e nas propriedades mecânicas dos provetes foi avaliada e relacionada com o perfil de interface obtido. A força máxima de rotura do compósito com placa intermédia de alumínio foi 6.0 kN, com titânio foi 10.1 kN, e com aço carbono foi 11.4 kN. De acordo, com as condições dos ensaios experimentais, verificou-se que a melhor solução é a utilização do aço-carbono.
- Mountable and Demountable Construction Systems of Interior Building Partitions: Ecology and Sustainability in the Ephemeral Use of SpacePublication . Jorge, Pedro Fonseca ; Gonçalves, SérgioThis article presents the ongoing research on sustainable construction systems, in terms of interior partitions, as alternatives to masonry or plasterboard techniques. Emphasis was given on assembly’s simplicity, to guarantee an easy execution by anyone without specific preparation or knowledge in construction (so the com-mon dweller can respond quickly and effectively to the changing behaviour and needs of the household), but also to emergencies resulting from unforeseen cir-cumstances, such as the current pandemic situation. The research was grounded on the use of materials with a reduced ecological footprint (based on Portuguese forest resources), and on modular construction processes (adaptable to most pre-existing situations). Additionally, such materi-als should allow a successive assembly and disassembly, using the same con-struction elements, a feature in which we can truly defend a decreased environ-mental impact. The purpose is to minimize waste and to create a circular eco-nomic circuit that continues after its components’ lifespan, whose materials allow them to be recycled for other uses. Methodologically, the existing partition systems, in terms of patenting but also market availability, were surveyed and analysed. Simultaneously, the conse-quences of the household’s behavioural changes in the domestic space, as well as those imposed by lockdown and remote work, were studied for our proposals to respond to the assessed needs more effectively, in terms of privacy, and ther-mal and noise isolation. The collected information was used to create several proposals for interior parti-tions, exploring different construction and assembly processes, with variable de-grees of complexity (later prototyped to measure its viability), to reply to the dweller’s different requirements in response to everyday life or exceptional cir-cumstances.
- The Households’ resilience: domestic space and remote work among a pandemic emergencyPublication . Jorge, Pedro Fonseca; Gonçalves, SérgioThis article aims to identify domestic space’s contemporary requirements, recognizing the processes in which, due to changes in the way we live, or unforeseen circumstances, the need to redistribute or redivide our liveable spaces arises. More demanding in terms of spatial separation, domestic space is influenced by behavioural because the household itself evolves and/or because emergencies induce new uses in spaces once designed for something else. The current pandemic situation has exposed the inefficiency of some of the current (and past) architectural trends. Domestic space is considered a group of areas with a single use in mind or with idealized uses never put into practice by its inhabitants. Flexibility is, therefore, a requirement, where the collected demands and constraints could be the starting point for research focused on new housing types and new construction methods, harbouring the needed elasticity to accommodate different living patterns under unforeseen circumstances.
- Cohort Study Good Practices: Design Communication and Capacitation ProcessesPublication . Ferreira, Elga; Penedos-Santiago, Eliana; Netto-Rocha, Constança; Faria-Marques, Daniela; Santos, Estêvão Soares; Dias, Sara SimõesIn the county of Leiria, Portugal, part of the population is known to have morbidity diagnoses (metabolic illnesses and more) and poor health habits on a big enough scale to bring the idea of how low health literacy can affect people’s lives and health services, such as a flood of the emergency systems caused by people attending the emergency room with minor issues. To address it, institutions in Leiria such as the City Hall, ACES Pinhal Litoral (Regional Primary Care Unit Headquarters) and Polytechnic of Leiria decided to conduct a longitudinal and prospective cohort study, where a sample of the population will be followed throughout time to understand if their choices regarding health and sustainable habits are indeed affected by their health literacy levels. This project will contribute to the initial stage of this cohort study, by developing a recognizable brand, whose identity can be maintained throughout all its communication and dissemination media, so that the population can identify, without equivocation, the cohort study to which it refers, and awaken their curiosity to participate. This stage also includes the presentation and dissemination of the cohort study itself to the population under study, followed by a randomized inquiry done by pre-selected interviewers. This project relies on Service Design and Participatory Design methodologies to streamline the development of the study’s elements and to solve common cohort issues, such as: 1) gathering a suitable number of participants that can represent the population; 2) follow-up maintenance of participants; 3) keeping the interviewers and participants engaged with the study, after the first contact. Informal interviews and user group definition will help the comprehension of the study and allow to create personas to characterize the interviewers of the cohort study. These aforementioned methodologies will be supported by the workshop methodology under Participatory Design, acting as a testing ground for the previously developed processes, preparing interviewers to adapt their communication when facing people from different generations, education, and social backgrounds. By carrying out this project simultaneously with the cohort study, it’s possible to evaluate, over time, how the design methodologies can empower and facilitate communication and intervene, changing tactics in case it’s needed. The creation of a replicable experience is proposed allowing the betterment of the overall health of the population. Additionally, assuming the lack of information on how the preparatory phases of cohort studies are designed, it’s also envisaged the creation of guidelines and a good practice manual. It is also of great importance to point out the bridge established between the health and design fields, where design becomes the interface between science and the public.
- Health and Design at Service of a Refugee Camp in IraqPublication . Camacho, Lea; Penedos-Santiago, Eliana; Ferreira, Elga; Ferreira, ElgaThis project emerges from the need to counteract a scenario of risk and unpredictability in the care provided to patients in illness situations, which stems from a poor or non-existent health record system (HRS). The direct contact in the year of 2017 with an emergency medical Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), working in context of humanitarian crises, demonstrated the precarious and yet scarce presence of such a system. The lack of practicality, easy understanding and access to other health partners proved to compromise the quality of care. Since a functional HRS (via paper or electronic means) is a core component for the management, delivery, and safety of quality in healthcare, the identification of a simple and yet effective system, capable of maintaining a history of care provided, is imperative. This need increases exponentially when the focus is on a humanitarian crisis context, in which populations have been forced into displacement and the health system is disrupted, of which the Internal Displaced Persons in Iraq are an example (commonly referred as refugees). The constraint of resources and the clash of different cultures and experiences between professionals, can hinder or even compromise the provision and quality of care, as well as the experience and perception of patients themselves regarding the services provided. With this study I propose the mapping of a HRS within an emergency medical field hospital, in a refugee camp in Iraq, to ensure the quality of emergency management and delivery of care, in a scenario of instability and political uncertainty. This system, which functions as a systematically collected database, presents specific health characteristics of a given patient when receiving differentiated care essential to guarantee high standards of care. A service design methodology to test the hypothesis will be used through a service blueprint development, capable of mapping the activities, processes and systems involved in a patient’s health experience. Design research methods such as service safari and user shadowing with informal ethnographic interviews will be implemented, as well as workshops with national and international health professionals involved with NGO work. Thus, it is expected to re-design a robust monitoring and patient track, with faster access of the patient’s history to health professionals, a better prevention of medication errors and duplication, and a greater transparency in the management and delivery of care. The easy implementation of the system will also allow an easier communication of patient’s needs and care, between different health stakeholders.
- Inovação e criatividade na construção de aprendizagens colaborativas em ambientes virtuaisPublication . Pinto, Raquel B.; Oliveira, LiaA segunda década do século XXI conheceu, com a pandemia da COVID-19, desafios colocados ao nível de todas as esferas da sociedade. Saúde, economia, cultura, educação e todos os outros setores viram necessidade de se reconfigurar. A inovação, a criatividade e a tecnologia conheceram, neste tempo de incerteza, um lugar de particular destaque. Com a liberdade de mobilidade colocada em causa, a humanidade viu necessidade de transformar os espaços, até então privados, em espaços de domínio público, através do recurso a plataformas de comunicação suportadas pela Internet. Assim, vimos os quartos, as salas e as cozinhas transformados em extensões, de escritórios, de salas de aula, de salas de reunião, de consultórios. A uma inicial estranheza sucedeu-se a adaptação. Uma adaptação, que conheceu tempos e ritmos distintos, mediante a existência ou a ausência de soluções tecnológicas ajustadas à realidade que viria a instituir-se, por alguns meses. É, precisamente, neste contexto de adaptação e transformação que desenvolvemos o nosso trabalho de análise e reflexão. No desenvolvimento do trabalho serão apresentadas as metodologias de Design, tais como, a abordagem ao desenvolvimento de projetos, através da exploração de conceitos, exercícios de brainstorming, ferramentas de trabalho colaborativo online e o recurso a formatos do tipo podcast. Com esta prática visamos desconstruir as tradicionais metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, dando lugar a novas abordagens e experiências transformadoras, através da aplicação dos conhecimentos tecnológicos, visão multidisciplinar e adaptação das ideias criativas dos estudantes, em ambientes virtuais.
- Designing for a Multispecies House-hold Development of Pet ́s HabitatsPublication . Venâncio, Clara; Pessanha, LuísThis article makes a brief presentation of the development process of two prototypes that foster the environmental enrichment of two species of companion animals: guinea pigs and cats. The prototypes Domus Petra and Locus Turi were the results of a research project carried out within the scope of a master's thesis in product design. The main goal of the project is to research how product design can promote animal welfare, health and, also, human wellbeing. There were identified cats and guinea pigs’ main characteristics and needs, as well as the problems of the spaces they inhabit when integrated into multispecies households. The animal’s artificial habitats were re-evaluated and redesigned to encourage the practice of normal species behaviours. The focus lays on the relationship dynamics between humans and companion animals: their practices of care; feeding; maintenance of animals and their products; ways of living together; and human-animal-objects interactions. The Domus Petra and Locus Turi prototypes seem to be usable by animals and humans, however, future improvements and developments should be considered. There is a need to explore other approaches to non-anthropocentric design practices, and other paths to include animal perspectives in product development.
- Using Co-Design Methods to Develop a Patient Monitoring System in Hospital Emergency Care to Support Patient SafetyPublication . Neves, Sandra; Oliveira, Vera; Guarino, MariaEfforts have been made to develop a collaborative model to engage healthcare professionals and patients in healthcare services and resource improvement (Neves et al. 2021) This paper aims to understand how a collaborative model can enhance how design researchers work with healthcare communities in Portugal. Within the context of the development of a patient monitoring system to support patient safety for hospitalised people, this paper reports how design researchers are collaborating with the more traditional healthcare support specialisms in the research team. Design researchers are introducing methods and tools to involve all key stakeholders (i.e., nurses, doctors, and patient and public representatives) in the design of the new patient monitoring system, which involves the continuous monitoring of vital signs for early detection of clinical deterioration to ensure patient safety in emergency care provided in hospitals. Specifically, through the nature of co-design workshops and the use of participative tools, these approaches are intended to better empower patients and healthcare professionals in this co-development process, to allow them to mediate the decision-making process in this context. This paper presents the first phase of this co-development process, highlighting the importance of using a participatory co-design approach to enable healthcare professionals and patients to voice their issues when developing a patient monitoring system.
- Relaciones entre cerámica, arquitectura y espacio urbano Azulejos como paradigmaPublication . Lobo, CarlaLa identificación y apropiación de espacios públicos depende de factores íntimamente relacionados con el bienestar y la seguridad, estrechamente asociados con la legibilidad y seguridad emocional que proporcionan, por lo que deben ser tratados como estructuras que organizan el territorio, áreas continuidad y diferenciación, en sus diferentes dimensiones. No siendo objetos de contemplación las fachadas se sienten igualmente, participan en la imagen de los lugares, constituyéndose como herramientas de mapeo, elementos que nos guían en el espacio urbano que deben ser pensados y valorados. El uso de la cerámica como la piel de la arquitectura es una tradición ancestral común a muchas culturas. Los revestimientos de azulejos, patrimonio reconocido por su carga cultural, social e histórica, difieren de la mayoría de los materiales de revestimiento: su valor funcional trasciende al de la piel protectora, sus cualidades perceptivas y plásticas los transforman en objetos de comunicación, repositorios de memorias que apelan a la emoción y al placer estético, contribuyendo a la construcción efectiva de urdiduras de relaciones fundadas en diferentes memorias visuales y afectivos. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la relación entre cerámica y arquitectura y sus implicaciones para el espacio urbano; sobre el potencial del producto secular que es el azulejo en la rehabilitación, preservación y diseño del paisaje cultural, no solo en términos de sus características físicas y visuales, sino también como vehículo de expresión cultural popular y erudita; y de la importancia de conferirles significado (de tiempo, uso y lugar) para la calidad vivencial de los espacios urbanos.
- Vidrados cerâmicos aditivados com resíduos de tintas e ferrugemPublication . António Pereira; Frade, José Manuel Couceiro Barosa CorreiaNa Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Caldas da Rainha - Portugal - foi testada a aplicação de resíduos de tintas e de ferrugem em tratamentos de superfícies de diferentes pastas cerâmicas. Vidrados aditivados com ferrugem dão origem, após cozedura, a peças cerâmicas vidradas de cor castanha, com ausência de defeitos e com um bom nível de homogeneidade do escoamento pela superfície de suporte; observando-se que a cor castanha é tanto mais intensa quanto maior é a proporção de ferrugem na mistura. A tinta também provoca manchas de cor nas superfícies cerâmicas cozidas, no entanto, com uma paleta de cores mais pobre do que a paleta das cores originais destes resíduos.
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