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Browsing ESTG - Artigos em revistas internacionais by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "08:Trabalho Digno e Crescimento Económico"
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- Additive manufacturing as an enabling technology for digital construction: A perspective on Construction 4.0Publication . Duarte, José Pinto; Bartolo, Paulo Jorge; Craveiro, Flávio; Bartolo, HelenaThe construction sector plays a key role in any country's economy.According to a report published by the World Economic Forum, the construction industry currently accounts for about 6% of the world GDP [1] and is expected to reach around 14.7% in 2030 [2]. Construction is a strategically important sector for the European economy involving a wide range of stakeholders and companies, providing 18 million jobs[209]. According to the World Economic Forum, a 1% rise in productivity worldwide could save $100 billion a year in construction costs [3], with the potential to contribute for a country's competitiveness and sustainable development [4–6]. The construction industry consumes a very significant proportion of the raw materials produced around the world, using for instance 50% ofthe global steel production, and is responsible for 30% of the world greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, it provides the fabric of the built environment on which society depends [1,3]. The population living in urban areas is rapidly increasing, which impacts the need for affordable houses, public transportation and utility infrastructure. Yet the perceived image of the construction sector is predominantly low-tech, still relying on craft-based methods, characterized by a poorperformance and quality image [7–10]. The 2016 survey ‘Sustainability in the Supply Chain’ carried out bythe Scape Group [11] concluded that 58% of all construction supplier And contractor respondents identified skilled workforce shortages as anobstacle for a future modernized construction sector
- Agglomeration Externalities in National Systems of Innovation: The Role of Industrial Diversity and Competition on Countries’ Innovative LevelsPublication . Duarte, Marcelo Pereira; Carvalho, Fernando Manuel Pereira de Oliveira; Ferreira, Manuel; Ferreira, Manuel PortugalEconomic geographers, industrial economists and innovation scholars have long debated the impact of agglomeration externalities on innovation, often with conflicting results. We argue that rather than focusing on which agglomeration externality most influences innovation, we should gain a deeper understanding of how agglomeration externalities influence innovation. Drawing on the concept of national systems of innovation (NSI), we examine the role of industrial diversity and domestic competition as contingency factors that affect the relationship between national innovation inputs and outputs. Using secondary data from 86 countries, we developed interaction models, and our findings indicate that industrial diversity positively influences the relationship between innovation inputs and outputs. Additionally, we found that the relationship between innovation inputs and outputs is strengthened at higher levels of diversity and competition. Also, the positive effects of institutions on innovation outputs increase with high industrial diversity and medium to high domestic competition. Similarly, the positive marginal effect of human capital and research on innovation outputs is strengthened by increasing industrial diversity, although a medium-low level of competition can undermine this effect. This study contributes to the ongoing debate on agglomeration externalities and the NSI literature by highlighting the role of industrial diversity and competition in shaping national innovation outcomes.
- Artificial intelligence applied to the stone manufacturing industry: A systematic literature reviewPublication . Santos Silva, Alexandre; Antunes, Carolina; Miragaia, Rolando; Costa, Rogério Luís C.; Silva, Fernando; Ribeiro, JoséNatural stone has long been used in construction, as its properties provide functional and visual value, and the natural stone market currently holds significant importance in the global economy. It is important to consider integrating new technologies in the production chain to aid the industry in moving forward, increasing profit margins and reducing wasted material. This article reviews recent trends in using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques in the industry between 2017 and 2024, following a methodology for Systematic Literature Reviews in computer science. It was found that extensive research has been conducted on the subject of tile classification, with solid solutions proposed, achieving results that can be considered robust enough for industrial application. Other subjects comprise tasks regarding stone cutting and defect detection, as well as variable prediction, and quarry activity monitoring. Some authors propose solutions to integrate new technologies into the complete production chain. While more research needs to be done on specific subjects, this review provides a solid first step to future research.
- Artificial Intelligence-Driven User Interaction with Smart Homes: Architecture Proposal and Case StudyPublication . Lemos, João; Ramos, João; Gomes, Mário; Coelho, PauloThe evolution of Smart Grids enabled the deployment of intelligent and decentralized energy management solutions at the residential level. This work presents a comprehensive Smart Home architecture that integrates real-time energy monitoring, appliance-level consumption analysis, and environmental data acquisition using smart metering technologies and distributed IoT sensors. All collected data are structured into a scalable infrastructure that supports advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, including Large Language Models (LLMs) and machine learning, enabling predictive analysis, personalized energy recommendations, and natural language interaction. Proposed architecture is experimentally validated through a case study on a domestic refrigerator. Two series of tests were conducted. In the first phase, extreme usage scenarios were evaluated: one with intensive usage and another with highly restricted usage. In the second phase, normal usage scenarios were tested without AI feedback and with AI recommendations following them whenever possible. Under the extreme scenarios, AI-assisted interaction resulted in a reduction in daily energy consumption of about 81.4%. In the normal usage scenarios, AI assistance resulted in a reduction of around 13.6%. These results confirm that integrating AI-driven behavioral optimization within Smart Home environments significantly improves energy efficiency, reduces electrical stress, and promotes more sustainable energy usage.
- Beyond Leakage: Non-Revenue Water Loss and Economic SustainabilityPublication . Santos, EleonoraWater loss in urban supply systems poses significant challenges for water utility companies worldwide, affecting both sustainable access to clean water and the financial viability of utility operations. This study analyzes the evolution of water losses in high-level supply systems from 2017 to 2021 in Portugal, focusing on its implications for the profitability of water utility companies across NUTs II regions. Drawing on data from various sources, including the National Information System for Water Resources, PORDATA, ERSAR, and ORBIS, this analysis identifies trends, patterns, and potential factors influencing water loss dynamics. Key components of the analysis include calculating average annual losses, examining unbilled water percentages, and conducting regression analysis to quantify the impact of water loss on profit margins. The findings contribute to the literature on water loss management and financial performance in the water utility sector, offering insights for policymakers, water utility managers, and stakeholders to enhance financial sustainability and reduce water losses.
- Building brand emotional connections with eco-efficient packaging: Exploring the role of utilitarian, symbolic, and hedonic benefitsPublication . Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Silva, Tânia; Rijo, SusanaGrowing environmental concerns have triggered the appearance of a growing number of eco-efficient goods. However, although there are several studies on consumer attitudes towards packaging design elements, research evaluating the effect of sustainable packaging on consumer decisions is relatively scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate how a brand’s implementation of eco-efficient packaging influences consumer behaviour. We examine how a brand’s strategic implementation of an eco-efficient packaging influences brand emotional attachment through consu- mer’s perceptions of utilitarian, symbolic, and hedonic benefits, and its ultimate effect on purchase intention. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. Based on a sample of 305 respondents, it was found that the utilitarian benefits perceived by consumers do not positively influence brand emotional attachment. On the contrary, results show the existence of a positive influence between the symbolic and hedonic benefits perceived by consumers and brand emotional attachment, as well as between brand emotional attachment and consumer purchase intention of products with eco-efficient packaging.
- Changing the sails to survive the storm: Strategies that foster international business model innovation during a crisisPublication . Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Silva, Graça; Barros, BeatrizPersisting global crises, such as COVID-19, pose significant challenges for international companies. The increase in uncertainty and instability in foreign markets has profoundly affected firms’ strategic decisions, forcing them to adapt to dynamic conditions in order to maintain or improve their international performance. Grounded in the dynamic capabilities view, this study examines how exploration and exploitation strategies drive international business model innovation, ultimately affecting international performance and expectations concerning crisis survival during the COVID-19 crisis. Utilizing survey data from 1455 internationalized companies, we use structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The results show that, although both exploration and exploitation strategies foster international business model innovation, exploration has a stronger effect than exploitation. The results further emphasize that international business model innovation has a positive impact not only on the expectation of crisis survival but also on the international performance.
- Comentário ao Processo C-324/17, Gavanozov, 24 de outubro de 2019: O princípio do reconhecimento mútuo versus Direitos FundamentaisPublication . Castilhos, Daniela Serra; Pacheco, Fátima; Barata, Mário SimõesO artigo dedica-se à análise e comentário da decisão resultante do Processo (C-324/17, Gavanozov, de 24 de outubro de 2019) que constitui a primeira decisão do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia relativamente à Decisão Europeia de Investigação. Para tanto, pretende fazer-se o enquadramento da cooperação judiciária em matéria penal e do princípio do reconhecimento mútuo. Começa-se por analisar a Diretiva 2014/41/UE que aprovou a Decisão Europeia de Investigação (DEI), integrando-a no Espaço da Liberdade, Justiça e Segurança. São igualmente considerados os motivos de não reconhecimento ou de não execução de uma DEI, nomeadamente aqueles que se prendem com os direitos fundamentais. Por fim, analisa-se o litígio e a questão prejudicial colocada, bem como as conclusões do Advogado-geral, na perspetiva de avaliar se houve, no caso, uma violação dos direitos fundamentais, designadamente os Artigos 47º e 48º da Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia, pela autoridade judicial de emissão na Bulgária.
- O conceito de “autoridade judiciária de emissão” a partir dos Processos apensos C-508/18 e C-82/19 PPU (Caso Parquet de Lübeck) e eventuais ecos na Decisão Europeia de Investigação em PortugalPublication . Guimarães, Ana Paula; Castilhos, Daniela Serra; Barata, Mário SimõesNa interpretação dada pelo Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, no caso Parquet de Lübeck, que versa sobre matéria do mandado de detenção europeu, do conceito de “autoridade judiciária de emissão” ficam excluídas as Procuradorias por força de estas poderem ser permeáveis a influência direta ou indireta do poder executivo. Por sua vez, o Ministério Público é “autoridade de emissão” em sede de decisões europeias de investigação em matéria penal, nos termos do artigo 3.º, alínea c), da Lei n.º 88/2017, de 21 de agosto, que transpôs a Diretiva 2014/41/UE, do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 3 de abril de 2014. Tendo em consideração a autonomia e hierarquia do Ministério Público e o modo de nomeação e exoneração do Procurador-Geral da República, procuramos ver se o decidido no Acórdão supra referido teria alguma repercussão ao nível da competência do Ministério Público para emissão de uma decisão europeia de investigação. Concluímos em sentido negativo. O Ministério Público não depende do Ministro da Justiça, tem consagração constitucional e atribuições definidas na lei e respetivo estatuto e só pode emitir uma decisão europeia de investigação restrita aos atos processuais que são da sua competência nos termos da lei interna.
- Contact center: information systems designPublication . Rijo, Rui; Varajão, João; Gonçalves, RamiroThe economic sector of contact centers is growing by more than 8% a year. It is a multidisciplinary area in which information systems are decisive to organizations' success. Contact Centers' Information Systems deal with real time requisites and critical business information. A theorybuilding research shows a framework with 12 key design factors to consider, which managers might use to develop projects and researchers may adopt for further investigation in the area of Contact Center design. This work intends to provide a valuable link between the research community and practitioners in industry.