Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-05"
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- O processo editorial nos periódicos e sugestões para a publicaçãoPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Canela, Renata; Pinto, Cláudia FriasMuitos autores e, especialmente, os menos experientes e estudantes de doutorado, veem o processo editorial e a publicação como uma caixa-preta cheia de mistérios e misticismos. Neste artigo analisamos e discutimos o processo editorial. Entender o processo nas suas etapas e como interagir com revisores e editores ajudará os autores a organizar, escrever e trabalhar as suas pesquisas para aumentar a probabilidade de ter os artigos aceitos para publicação. Descrevemos o processo editorial e apresentamos algumas sugestões para melhor navegar no processo – algumas sugestões são relativamente óbvias e outras, sujeitas a maiores doses de subjetividade.
- Eating attitudes and risk of eating disorders in adolescents: role of the thinness stereotypePublication . Cardoso, Susana; Santos, Osvaldo; Nunes, Carla; Loureiro, IsabelIntroduction: In societies where thinness is seen as a sign of ideal beauty, there is a significant social pressure for teenagers to follow this model. Such cultural stereotypes can create risky situations in what eating behaviors are concerned. Those risky situations are associated with attitudes connected with fear of gaining weight and with low self-esteem. Objective: To identify risky eating attitudes in adolescents and to characterize associations between eating attitudes (promoting risk of developing an eating disorder), sex and age. Methods: 358 adolescents (convenience sample) of two secondary schools (aged 14-18 years) were asked to complete the EAT-25 (eating attitudes test) (range from 0 to 75; cutoff=19). Results: We found 4, 5% of increased-risk cases (boys: scores between 20 and 25; girls: scores between 19 and 35). No statistically significant differences were found between overall score of EAT-25 and age. Girls have higher (p<.001) scores (mean=7.04; SD=4.48) than boys (mean=4.78; SD=7.15), and higher prevalence of increased-risk cases. This difference between sexes results mainly from factor “Drive for thinness” (p<.001). Conclusions: A relevant percentage of adolescents revealed attitudes that put them in a spectrum of increased risk for eating disorders (more prevalent in girls). Desire to be thin is the most relevant attitudinal dimension. Health education interventions oriented to set objective and healthy standards of body image and to promote overall self-esteem building among adolescents are strategic to avoid the eventual development of eating disorders.
- Experiências de desenvolvimento comunitário e qualidade de vida dos idososPublication . Maurício, Cezarina; Abreu, Maria; Pimentel, Luísa; Seco, Graça Maria dos Santos Batista
- Quality of life in elderly: a comparative study between two different care giving servicesPublication . Maurício, Cezarina; Abreu, Maria; Pimentel, Luísa; Seco, Graça Maria dos Santos Batista
- Eight weeks of vigorous exercise are enough for a significant reduction in blood pressurePublication . Morouço, Pedro; Guerra, João; Ângelo, Nuno; Salvador, RogérioMedical societies recommend increased physical activity to be part of antihypertensive therapies. However, the intensity and duration of the sessions that can induce signiicant reduction on blood pressure (BP) are to be determined.
- Blow gun training enhances the ventilatory capacity in patients with Down syndrome: a pilot studyPublication . Barroso, Marisa; Salvador, Rogério; Barros, Ana; Soeiro, Raquel; Marcelino, Ana; Nogueira, Daniela; Morouço, PedroThere are over fifteen thousand people with Down syndrome in Portugal. The worst performance of their respiratory muscles aggravates the expiratory effort, leading to a diminished aerial flow.
- HESITA(te) in PortuguesePublication . Candeias, Sara; Celorico, Dirce; Proença, Jorge; Veiga, Arlindo; Lopes, Carla, Alexandra Calado Lopes; Perdigão, FernandoHesitations, so-called disfluencies, are a characteristic of spontaneous speech, playing a primary role in its structure, reflecting aspects of the language production and the management of inter-communication. In this paper we intend to present a database of hesitations in European Portuguese speech - HESITA - as a relevant base of work to study a variety of speech phenomena. Patterns of hesitations, hesitation distribution according to speaking style, and phonetic properties of the fillers are some of the characteristics we extrapolated from the HESITA database. This database also represents an important resource for improvement in synthetic speech naturalness as well as in robust acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition. The HESITA database is the output of a project in the speech-processing field for European Portuguese held by an interdisciplinary group in intimate articulation between engineering tools and experience and the linguistic approach.
- An observation on n-permutabilityPublication . Martins-Ferreira, Nelson; Rodelo, Diana; Van der Linden, TimWe prove that in a regular category all reflexive and transitive relations are symmetric if and only if every internal category is an internal groupoid. In particular, these conditions hold when the category is n-permutable for some n.
- Numerical Calculations in Tissue EngineeringPublication . Almeida, Henrique de Amorim; Bártolo, Paulo J.The design of optimized scaffolds for tissue engineering is a key topic of research, as the complex macro- and micro- architectures required for a scaffold depends not only on the mechanical properties, but also on the physical and molecular queues of the surrounding tissue within the defect site. Thus, the prediction of optimal features for tissue engineering scaffolds is very important for its mechanical, vascular or topological properties. The relationship between high scaffold porosity and high mechanical properties is contradictory, as it becomes even more complex due to the scaffold degradation process. A scaffold design strategy was developed, based on the finite element method, to optimise the scaffold design regarding the mechanical and vascular properties as a function of porosity. Scaffolds can be considered as a LEGO structure formed by an association of small elementary units or blocks. In this research work, two types of family elementary scaffold units were considered: non-triple periodic minimal surfaces and triple periodic minimal surfaces that describe natural existing surfaces. The main objective of this work is to present the undergoing research based on numerical simulations for the evaluation and prediction of the scaffold's behaviour under structural and vascular loading, and its topological optimisation.
- Commentary: Macrofaunal key species as useful tools in management and assessment practices on sandy beachesPublication . Gonçalves, Sílvia; João C. MarquesSandy beaches are the most abundant coastal systems worldwide, representing approximately 3/4 of the worlds' coastlines. In the last decades, these sensitive and dynamic ecosystems have been a target of an increasing human pressure, associated with an unbridled urbanization of coastal areas, caused by the high human population growth, but also associated with recreational activities and tourism. Together with global climatic changes and coastal erosion, these processes lead to detrimental impacts and an environmental quality decline of sandy beach ecosystems, imposing an increasing need for adequate assessment and management practices. In the majority of sandy beaches, the macrofauna is a key element in ecosystem functioning, occupying a central position in the food webs. Some species exhibit abundant populations, representing the bulk of the macrofaunal communities and functioning as key species in these conditions. In this commentary we discuss the relevance and utility of macrofaunal key species as tools in beaches integrity assessment, planning of management practices and restoration projects. We start by exposing the reasons behind the selection and use of these organisms as potential tools in assessment and management practices of beaches. Several and alternative methodologies, at the population and at the community ecological levels of organization, are afterwards discussed and their advantages and drawbacks evaluated. Finally, the most relevant key species in worldwide sandy beaches, known in the literature, and with potential as assessment and management tools, are identified. Since several manmade disturbances (e.g., intense human and mechanical trampling, beach grooming with heavy mechanical equipment), and even natural disturbances (e.g., abnormal temperature regimes, frequency and intensity of storms) may cause variations in key species bioecology, with negative impacts perpetuated to the higher ecological levels, monitoring, assessment and management actions focused on this indicator species hold large potential in the fast changing scenario of nowadays, and should be encouraged.
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