Browsing by Author "Forte, Pedro"
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- Aerodynamics of a wheelchair sprinter racing at the 100m world record pace by CFDPublication . Forte, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.; Morais, Jorge E.; Morouço, Pedro; Pascoal-Faria, Paula; Barbosa, Tiago M.The aim of this study was to analyze aerodynamics in a racing position of a wheelchair-racing sprinter, at the world record speed. The athlete and wheelchair were scanned at the beginning of the propulsive phase position (hands near the handrims at 12h) for the 3D model acquisition. Numerical simulation was run on Fluent, having as output the pressure, viscosity and total drag force, and respective coefficients of drag at the world record speed in T-52 category. Total drag was 7.56N and coefficient of drag was 1.65. This work helped on getting a deeper insight about the aerodynamic profile of a wheelchair-racing athlete, at a 100m world record speed.
- Anthropometric Measures, Muscle Resistance, and Balance in Physically Active, Aged AdultsPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Antunes, Raul; Matos, Rui; Jacinto, Miguel; Monteiro, Diogo; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, A. M.; Barbosa, Tiago M.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, body mass index, muscle strength, and balance in physically active, aged adults. Methods: Eighty-five participants were recruited for this study, having an average age of 70.31 years (SD = 9.90), ranging from 50 to 92 years. Twenty-six (30.6%) participants were male and fifty-nine (69.4%) were female. The participants had an average body mass index of 27.30 kg/m2 (SD = 3.62), ranging from 20.32 to 38.58 kg/m2. Participants undertook the Timed-Up and Go to test balance, and the chair-stand test to assess lower body strength. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Three models (Model 1, 2, and 3) were tested to assess their relationships with balance: M1—Lower body muscle strength; M2—Lower body muscle strength and body mass index; M3—Lower body muscle strength, body mass index, and age. Results: All hierarchical models displayed significant variance. The third model explained 50.9% of the variance in dynamic balance, [F(3, 81) = 27.94, p < 0.001, R = 0.71, Ra2 = 0.51]. The difference in Ra2 between the first, second, and third models was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Age, body mass index, and lower body muscle strength had significant (p < 0.05) correlations with balance. In terms of the significant impact of each predictor, age had the strongest association with balance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results are useful to understand mechanisms or diagnose people at risk of fall.
- A avaliação do hábito em praticantes de exercício físico: testando a validade do self-report behavioral automaticity indexPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Cid, Luis; Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, Diogo Santos; Travassos, Bruno; Monteiro, DiogoOs comportamentos habituais são repetidos inconscientemente, sem intenção. A medição precisa do hábito é crucial para ajudar os investigadores a desenvolver e aplicar um modelo teórico sobre o hábito, com uma medida empiricamente válida. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a validade e a fiabilidade do Self-Report Behavior Automaticity Index numa amostra Portuguesa praticante de exercício físico. Foram recolhidos dados de duas amostras independentes, com um total de 590 adultos (mulheres= 311; homens= 279). Realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo de medida de quatro itens do Self-Report Behavior Automaticity Index e uma análise de invariância entre duas amostras independentes. Adicionalmente, foi testado um modelo de mediação de forma a analisar o papel mediador da frequência semanal de exercício físico entre a experiência passada e o hábito. O modelo de medida do Self-Report Behavior Automaticity Index demonstrou um ajustamento aceitável em cada uma das amostras e os coeficientes de fiabilidade compósita foram adequados. O modelo de medida revelou ser invariante entre amostras, acrescentando, por isso um maior suporte à sua validade para avaliar o comportamento habitual. A frequência do exercício medeia a relação entre a experiência e o desenvolvimento do hábito, acrescentando evidências à teoria do hábito
- CFD analysis of head and helmet aerodynamic drag to wheelchair racingPublication . Forte, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.; Morouço, Pedro; Barbosa, TiagoWheelchair racing, an important event in Paralympics, it requires huge effort from its athletes to overcome the resistive forces. The resistive forces in wheelchair racing are aerodynamic drag and rolling friction. CFD methodology can play a determinant role in aerodynamic analysis. The aim of this study was to analyses the aerodynamic drag at different speeds and attack angles of a human head with a helmet, whilst extrapolating results to better suit the needs of wheelchair racing athletes. Computer Fluid Dynamics methodology was used in this study. A 3D head and helmet scan was obtained from a Paralympics athlete. The 3D model was exported to fluent software generating the aerodynamic drag after numerical simulation. Regardless the velocity, 90° attack angle (subject looking down) presented higher aerodynamic drag (0.732 N) Wheelchair racing athletes should maintain a 0° attack angle (looking forward) mainly at speeds greater than 3.5 m/s.
- Classification of recovery states in U15, U17, and U19 sub-elite football players: a machine learning approachPublication . Teixeira, José E.; Encarnação, Samuel; Branquinho., L; Ferraz, Ricardo; Portella, Daniel L.; Monteiro, Diogo; Morgans, Ryland; M. Barbosa, Tiago; Monteiro, António Miguel; Forte, PedroIntroduction: A promising approach to optimizing recovery in youth football has been the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict recovery states and prevent mental fatigue. This research investigates the application of ML models in classifying male young football players aged under (U)15, U17, and U19 according to their recovery state. Weekly training load data were systematically monitored across three age groups throughout the initial month of the 2019–2020 competitive season, covering 18 training sessions and 120 observation instances. Outfield players were tracked using portable 18-Hz global positioning system (GPS) devices, while heart rate (HR) was measured using 1 Hz telemetry HR bands. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE 6–20) and total quality recovery (TQR 6–20) scores were employed to evaluate perceived exertion, internal training load, and recovery state, respectively. Data preprocessing involved handling missing values, normalization, and feature selection using correlation coefficients and a random forest (RF) classifier. Five ML algorithms [K-nearest neighbors (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), RF, and decision tree (DT)] were assessed for classification performance. The K-fold method was employed to cross-validate the ML outputs. Results: A high accuracy for this ML classification model (73–100%) was verified. The feature selection highlighted critical variables, and we implemented the ML algorithms considering a panel of 9 variables (U15, U19, body mass, accelerations, decelerations, training weeks, sprint distance, and RPE). These features were included according to their percentage of importance (3–18%). The results were cross-validated with good accuracy across 5-fold (79%). Conclusion: The five ML models, in combination with weekly data, demonstrated the efficacy of wearable device-collected features as an efficient combination in predicting football players’ recovery states.
- Comparison of force variables and dynamic strength index between age groups in elite young Brazilian football goalkeepersPublication . Portella, Daniel Leite; Jatene, Pedro; Da Silva, Alex O.; dos Santos, Gustavo S.; Monteiro, Diogo; Teixeira, José E.; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Forte, PedroIntroduction: The application of muscle force is a determinant of football success as it is inherent to the motor control and sport. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe force variables Isometric Maximal Force (IMF), Concentric Peak Force (CPPF), and Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in football goalkeepers from different age groups; (2) to compare these variables’ behavior between those groups. Methods: The sample was formed by 19 youth players (15.97 ± 1.55 years old) from a first-division Brazilian football team. The CPPF and IMF variables were obtained through the Countermovement jump and isometric squat tests, respectively. For data collection, a force plate (Cefise, Brazil) was used with an acquisition frequency of 600 Hz and mono-axial. The DSI was calculated using the ratio between CPPF and IMF. For data analysis, the sample was separated into clusters by age. After the grouping, a descriptive analysis of the data and a comparison between the groups with p < 0.05. Results: The sample was grouped into three groups (GA, GB, and GC) and one of the individuals did not enter the group, totaling 18 individuals in the analyzed sample. The comparison between the ages of the groups showed a significant difference and small and moderate effect size (ES), validating the cluster strategy. The CPPF and IMF variables showed increased values according to chronological age. CPPF showed a significant difference between GA-GB, (ES = very large) GA-GC (ES = very large), and GB-GC (ES = moderate). The IMF variable had significant differences between GA-GB (ES = moderate) and GA-GC (ES = very large). However, DSI showed significant differences only between GA GB (ES = small) and GB-GC (ES = very large). Conclusions: The CPPF and IMF variables had constant increases and distinct values with an increase according to age, and this did not occur for DSI. The difference between CPPF and IMF compared to DSI bring to light the variability in dynamics and proportionality between muscular force in the concentric phase and maximal force in the isometric regime during the developmental process over chronological age in soccer goalkeepers.
- A Deep Learning Neural Network to Classify Obesity Risk in Portuguese Adolescents Based on Physical Fitness Levels and Body Mass Index Percentiles: Insights for National Health PoliciesPublication . Forte, Pedro; Encarnação, Samuel; Monteiro, António; Teixeira, José; Hattabi, Soukaina; Sortwell, Andrew; Branquinho, Luís; Amaro, Bruna; Sampaio, Tatiana; Flores, Pedro; Silva-santos, Sandra; Ribeiro, Joana; Batista, Amanda; Ferraz, Ricardo; Rodrigues, FilipeThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and death. In addition, obesity among children and adolescents has reached unprecedented levels and studies show that obese children and adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. Therefore, both the prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents are critical. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) neural network (NNET) model that identifies the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on their body mass index (BMI) percentiles and levels of physical fitness. Using datasets from the FITescola® project, 654 adolescents aged between 10–19 years old, male: 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%), age 13.8 ± 2 years old, were selected to participate in a cross-sectional observational study. Physical fitness variables, age, and sex were used to identify the risk of obesity. The NNET had good accuracy (75%) and performance validation through the Receiver Operating Characteristic using the Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC = 64%) in identifying the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on the BMI percentiles. Correlations of moderate effect size were perceived for aerobic fitness (AF), upper limbs strength (ULS), and sprint time (ST), showing that some physical fitness variables contributed to the obesity risk of the adolescents. Our NNET presented a good accuracy (75%) and was validated with the K-Folds Cross-Validation (K-Folds CV) with good accuracy (71%) and ROC AUC (66%). According to the NNET, there was an increased risk of obesity linked to low physical fitness in Portuguese teenagers.
- Editorial: Towards a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sportsPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José E.; Portella, Daniel Leite; Monteiro, DiogoThis Research Topic aims to look at specific themes related to physiological stress and mental well-being. Additionally, we aim to provide evidence to coaches and sports scientists highlighting the relationship between training and competition demands, related to performance. We also want to analyze the effects of strength and conditioning training, and coaching effects (acute and chronic) on psychological and physiological. Finally, it is our intention to provide scientific literature with evidence for a relationship between movement, behavior and cognition with physiological performance: the psychophysiological approach.
- Editorial: Towards a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sports, volume IIPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Portella, Daniel Leite; Monteiro, DiogoIn recent years, there has been an increase in interest in mental health disorders as a result of mediatic coverage of Olympic athletes’ mental health struggles, and also due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. These phenomena helped to further exacerbate a problem already extensively present in sport and society. Therefore, applying a psychophysiological approach to physical activity, exercise, and sports research has become very popular. Indeed, mental fatigue and mental disorders are not only psychological in origin, but also require an explanation from a psychophysiological perspective due to the effective interconnection between the psychological and physiological dimensions. Psychological variables can also influence performance and the psychophysiological system has a strong effect on the control of physical capacities. Moreover, pacing behaviour, decision-making, self-regulation, and effort perception can also explain the role of the brain in physical activity and exercise management. Thus, the aim of this Research Topic is to share the impact of a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sports. The goal of this Topic is to address the following: • Factors determining performance, including technical/tactical, physiological, cognitive, and psychosocial; • training and competition demand; • training interventions and testing in sports; • acute and chronic effects of training in psychophysiological variables; • coaching in sports; • strength and conditioning, mental health, and performance; • recent developments within sports sciences research. This Research Topic endeavors to explore at specific themes related to physiological stress and mental well-being. Additionally, we aim to provide evidence to coaches and sports scientists highlighting the relationship between training and competition demands, related to performance. We also want to analyze the effects of strength and conditioning training, and coaching effects (acute and chronic) on psychological and physiological. Finally, it is our intention to provide scientific literature with evidence for a relationship between movement, behavior and cognition with physiological performance: the psychophysiological approach.
- Editorial: Towards a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sports, volume IIIPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Monteiro, Diogo; Portella, Daniel Leite
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