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- Physical activity and affect of the elderly: Contribution to the validation of the Positive and Negative Affect Shedule (PANAS) in the Portuguese populationPublication . Antunes, Raul; Couto, Nuno; Vitorino, Anabela; Monteiro, Diogo; Marinho, Daniel A.; Cid, LuísThe concept of affect corresponds to the emotional dimension of subjective well-being (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). It is represented by two dimensions (negative affect and positive affect), which were the basis of the development of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). It was translated and validated for the Portuguese population by Galinha and Pais-Ribeiro (2005b). Nevertheless, because the Portuguese version was not validated in a sample of Portuguese elderly, the goals of this study consisted in the translation of the scale (PANAS) from the original version of 20 items and the validation of its measurement model (including a shortened version) for a sample of Portuguese elderly (n = 311), aged 60 years or older (M = 68.53; DP = 6.69); it was then tested by a confirmatory factorial analysis. The results demonstrated that the measurement model (two factors and 10 items) of the shortened Portuguese version of the PANAS presented acceptable psychometric qualities, which adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (factorial weights ranging between .57 and .70 in positive affect and between .52 and .68 in negative affect). We also concluded that older adults who practice more physical activity perceive higher levels of positive affect F(2, 297) = 3,78, p < .05; η2 = .025, and lower levels of negative affect F (2, 297) = 6.24, p < .001; η2 = .040).
- Basic psychological needs and subjective well-being in Portuguese older peoplePublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel A.; Cid, LuísThe aim of this study is the validation of the Portuguese version of the Basic Need Satisfaction General Scale (BNSG-S) in a sample of Portuguese elderly, and analyze through a structural equations model the effect of the Portuguese elderly individuals’ global perception about the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on subjective well-being. Two samples of Portuguese elderly people aged between 60 and 90 years old were considered in this study. Results revealed that they Model 3 of the BNSG-S (three factors, 11 items) adjusted to the data a (Χ2 = 103.16, df = 41, SRMR =. 05, TLI =. 90, CFI =. 93, RMSEA =. 07, 90% CI =. 05-.08). Additionally, structural model analysis, showed a positive and significant effect between satisfaction of basic psychological needs and subjective well-being. In sum we concluded that the Portuguese version of the BNSG-S can be used as a means to evaluate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of the older population and, their satisfaction, has a positive effect on subjective well-being in the Portuguese older population.
- Conceptual Framework for the Research on Quality of LifePublication . Rodrigues, José; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Ruivo, Paula; Sobreiro, Pedro; Catela, David; Amendoeira, José; Matos, RuiThe article presents the reference framework for multidisciplinary research at the Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC). The research paradigm about the citizens' quality of life in society imposes a multifaceted and complex analysis. At the LQRC we address this as thematically divided into six scientific areas: education and training; physical activity and healthy lifestyles; food production and technology on food behaviors; organizational dynamics; motor behavior; and individual and community health. These areas are clearly related to the concept of quality of life. They fit the goals and dynamics of the research center. In each section, the authors develop the themes of research projects and the challenges that characterize research in the area of quality of life. It is clear that there is an agreement and understanding that ensures that quality of life research is on the agenda of the world organizations related to scientific research and human development. This is a real challenge for scientific research centers, since multidisciplinary paradigms are the foundation of our collective organization, and the evolution of research on quality of life could fulfil current needs and lead to the improvement of citizen lives.
- Educação STEAM Outdoor: Perceções dos Docentes e Oportunidades de FormaçãoPublication . Correia, Marisa; Beirante, David; Arrais, Ana; Catela, David; Santos, Raquel; Martins, Maria Clara; Galinha, Sónia; Luís, Helena; Dias, Isabel Simões; Ramos, Liliana; Portelada, António; Simões, Vera; Pinto, Paula; Franco, Susana; Ferreira, Regina; Ribeirinha, TeresaA educação STEAM (Ciência, Tecnologia, Engenharia, Artes/Humanidades e Matemática), aliada ao ambiente outdoor, poderá promover o desenvolvimento integral e harmonioso das crianças e jovens, uma vez que se perspetivam aprendizagens significativas e o incentivo à adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. O presente estudo tem como principais objetivos avaliar a perceção de educadores de infância e professores do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, de um agrupamento de escolas de Portugal, acerca do uso pedagógico de espaços exteriores, e averiguar quais as competências e necessidades de formação que estes identificam como fundamentais para implementar a abordagem STEAM outdoor. Utilizando uma abordagem de métodos mistos, recolheram-se dados provenientes de uma entrevista (N = 8) e de um questionário (N = 49), desenvolvido e validado para o efeito. Os resultados sugerem que os docentes percecionam os espaços exteriores das suas escolas como locais com potencial pedagógico para implementação da abordagem STEAM, sendo as dimensões mais prevalentes a ludomotora, expressiva e de bem estar. Contudo, verificou-se uma frequência reduzida de realização de atividades de articulação curricular, envolvendo duas ou mais áreas STEAM nestes espaços, que poderá ser explicada pela extensão e rigidez curricular. Além disso, os docentes consideram essencial a formação para o uso pedagógico de espaços exteriores, a mudança de práticas e a promoção da interdisciplinaridade. Embora a maioria não tenha formação nesse contexto, há uma disposição para participar em cursos de capacitação. Nesse sentido, é crucial oferecer oportunidades de formação para explorar o potencial pedagógico dos espaços exteriores e da educação STEAM ao ar livre.
- Testing Assumptions of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance Model: A Longitudinal Perspective of the Relationships Between Intentions and Habits on Exercise AdherencePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Teixeira, DiogoIn this study, we aimed to examine empirically the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance model (PAAM). We collected data on these variables at baseline (T0) and 6-months later (T1). We recruited 119 participants (42 male, 77 female) aged 18– 81 years old (Mage = 44.89, SD = 12.95). who reported, at baseline, that they exercised an average of 3.76 days per week (SD = 1.33) in training periods lasting 15–60 minutes (M = 38.69; SD = 23.28). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test the association between each determinant (intentions, habits, and frequency) and future exercise adherence. We tested four models by entering blocks of predictors according to PAAM assumptions. The variance change (R2 ) between the first and fourth models (ΔR2 = .391) was statistically significant, showing that the fourth model accounted for 51.2% of variance for future exercise adherence, F (6, 112) = 21.631, p < .001, R2 = .73, adjusted R2 = .512. Exercise intention at T1 maintained its significantassociation (p = .021) with exercise frequency at T1 in all tested models. Exercise frequency at T0 was the most significant predictor (p < .01) of future exercise adherence, with past experience the second most significant predictor (p = .013). Interestingly, exercise habits at T1 and T0 did not predict exercise frequency at T1 in the fourth model. Among the variables we studied, having constantly high exercise intentions and high regular exercise frequency are significantly associated with maintaining or increasing regular future exercise behavior.
- A Deep Learning Neural Network to Classify Obesity Risk in Portuguese Adolescents Based on Physical Fitness Levels and Body Mass Index Percentiles: Insights for National Health PoliciesPublication . Forte, Pedro; Encarnação, Samuel; Monteiro, António; Teixeira, José; Hattabi, Soukaina; Sortwell, Andrew; Branquinho, Luís; Amaro, Bruna; Sampaio, Tatiana; Flores, Pedro; Silva-santos, Sandra; Ribeiro, Joana; Batista, Amanda; Ferraz, Ricardo; Rodrigues, FilipeThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and death. In addition, obesity among children and adolescents has reached unprecedented levels and studies show that obese children and adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. Therefore, both the prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents are critical. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) neural network (NNET) model that identifies the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on their body mass index (BMI) percentiles and levels of physical fitness. Using datasets from the FITescola® project, 654 adolescents aged between 10–19 years old, male: 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%), age 13.8 ± 2 years old, were selected to participate in a cross-sectional observational study. Physical fitness variables, age, and sex were used to identify the risk of obesity. The NNET had good accuracy (75%) and performance validation through the Receiver Operating Characteristic using the Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC = 64%) in identifying the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on the BMI percentiles. Correlations of moderate effect size were perceived for aerobic fitness (AF), upper limbs strength (ULS), and sprint time (ST), showing that some physical fitness variables contributed to the obesity risk of the adolescents. Our NNET presented a good accuracy (75%) and was validated with the K-Folds Cross-Validation (K-Folds CV) with good accuracy (71%) and ROC AUC (66%). According to the NNET, there was an increased risk of obesity linked to low physical fitness in Portuguese teenagers.
- Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adults from Penafiel, Portugal: A Cross-Sectional StudyPublication . Batista, Amanda; Forte, Pedro; Ribeiro, Joana; Silva-Santos, Sandra; Neto, Elmiro; Rodrigues, Filipe; Teixeira, José; Ferraz, Ricardo; Branquinho, LuísThe aim of this study was to compare the physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) levels of young and middle-aged adults living in and around the municipality of Penafiel and to determine whether they meet PA recommendations. The researchers used the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” (IPAQ) to measure moderate to vigorous PA and time spent on sedentary behavior (high vs. low). A prospective observational cross-sectional sample of 1105 adults aged 18–63 years, living in the municipality of Penafiel and its surroundings (45% women, 55% men), was used. The results indicated that more than half of the population was inactive (53.8%) and sedentary (54.0%). Men were more likely to be sedentary (59.2%) and inactive (55.6%) than women (inactive: 51.7%, high SB: 47.7%). Regarding daily PA and SB levels, women had higher levels of walks (3.8 ± 2.3; p = 0.034) and vigorous PA (2.2 ± 1.8 min; p = 0.005) per days/week, as well as vigorous PA per minutes/week (75.4 ± 82.1 min; p = 0.034). The time spent on vigorous PA per day was also higher in women (26.2 ± 22.8 min; p = 0.030). However, men had higher values in walking minutes per day (26.3 ± 17.1 min; p = 0.030), SB for weekdays (429.2 ± 141.2 min; p = 0.001), SB for weekends (324.7 ± 163.7 min; p = 0.033) and time spent on SB per minutes/week (2795.6 ± 882.0 min; p = 0.001). The results also showed that the older the adults, the lower the frequency and total time of vigorous PA per week. Young adults (18–28 years) had higher levels of vigorous PA (p = 0.005) than the other age groups (29–39; 40–50 and 51–63 years). Finally, the study found no significant correlation between individual level factors, such as number of children, marital status and monthly income, and PA or SB. Conversely, a significant and negative correlation between SB and levels of PA was found, indicating that the higher the level of PA practice, the lower the SB level. The authors suggest that promoting new PA habits and healthy lifestyles is an important future challenge for sustainability and improving the quality of life in public health.
- The Impact of Multicomponent Exercise Protocols Order on the Maximum Voluntary Contraction of Older WomenPublication . Monteiro, António; Rodrigues, Sandra; Matos, Sérgio; Encarnação, Samuel; Teixeira, José; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Rodrigues, Filipe; Forte, PedroThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of exercise order in multicomponent training (MCT) on the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of older women. A total of 91 older women, ranging in age from 60 to 85 years, were randomly assigned to either Group A or Group B. Group A performed a warm up followed by aerobic training and resistance training, whereas Group B followed a warm up followed by resistance training and aerobic training. A control group (CG) did not engage in any exercise interventions. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA for between-group comparisons, and ANOVA was used for repeated measures. The results revealed that Group A demonstrated significant increases in MVC for knee extensors (KEs) between M1 and M3 (p < 0.001) and between M2 and M3 (p < 0.001). Similarly, Group A exhibited significant increases in MVC for knee flexors (KFs) between M1 and M3 (p = 0.001) and between M2 and M3 (p < 0.001). Both Group A and Group B demonstrated significant increases in MVC for elbow flexors (EFs) between M1 and M3 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Group B showed a significant increase in hand grip strength (HGS) between M1 and M3 (p < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that initiating MCT with aerobic training followed by resistance training is the most effective approach for improving muscle strength in older women.
- Obesity Status and Physical Fitness Levels in Male and Female Portuguese Adolescents: A Two-Way Multivariate AnalysisPublication . Encarnação, Samuel; Rodrigues, Filipe; Monteiro, António; Gouili, Hatem; Hattabi, Soukaina; Sortwell, Andrew; Branquinho, Luís; Teixeira, José; Ferraz, Ricardo; Flores, Pedro; Silva-Santos, Sandra; Ribeiro, Joana; Batista, Amanda; Forte, PedroObesity and decreasing fitness levels among the youth are growing concerns in Portugal, similar to other developed countries, with implications for health and psychomotor development. Understanding the influence of health determinants such as sex and age are crucial for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to analyze the association between sex and chronological age with obesity status and physical fitness in Portuguese adolescents. A total of 170 adolescents (85 males and 85 females) were evaluated for body mass index, abdominal adiposity, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed in a 40 m sprint using the FITescola® physical fitness battery, a Portuguese government initiative. The general model, analyzed using Pillai’s trace, showed a significant effect of age and sex on body mass index, abdominal circumference, aerobic fitness, abdominal resistance, upper limb resistance, lower limb power, and maximal running speed (V = 0.99, F (7) = 10,916.4, p < 0.001, partial η2, sex = 0.22; age = 0.43, sex and age interaction = 0.10). Boys had higher physical fitness levels than girls in most tests, but both sex groups had a significantly higher proportion of non-fit adolescents, with boys showing the highest number of participants classified as non-fit.
- The Effects of 6-Month Multi-Component Exercise Intervention on Body Composition in Aged Women: A Single-Arm Experimental with Follow-Up StudyPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Teixeira, José; Monteiro, António; Forte, PedroMulticomponent exercise programs, which combine multiple modalities such as aerobic exercises, strength training exercises, flexibility exercises, and balance exercises, can help to promote healthy aging and prevent chronic diseases in aged women. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine if a multicomponent exercise program could improve body composition in community-dwelling aged women. A 6-month single-arm quasi-experimental research was conducted using a multicomponent exercise program for older adults. The sample included 38 women with a mean age of 63.50 years (SD = 6.47 years). Body composition and anthropometric measurement was conducted from baseline (T1), after intervention (T2), and follow-Up (T3). In addition, after exercise intervention, a significant difference with moderate to large effects was reported for fat mass [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], bone density [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05)], percentage of water [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.001)], and a metabolic equivalent task [η2p = 0.374, p < 0.05]. Additionally, a significant large effect size between T1 and T2 was verified. However, body composition indicators seem to decrease below baseline levels after concluding exercise intervention (T3). Muscle mass decreased significantly after exercise intervention and mean scores were lower compared to baseline data (T1). Thus, a positive effect of the multicomponent exercise program on body composition was established in this group of community-dwelling aged women. However, the relative improvement in body fat and muscle mass were lost after the exercise program’s conclusion for values below the baselines. Avoiding detraining periods is, therefore, fundamental to maintaining the normal relative body composition.