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- Assessing affective valence and activation in resistance training with the feeling scale and the felt arousal scale: A systematic reviewPublication . Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; David, Paul; Teixeira, DiogoEvidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009–2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies’ assessments and comparisons of results across studies.
- Assessing Functional Ankle Instability in Sport: A Critical Review and Bibliometric AnalysisPublication . Alexandre, Élio; Monteiro, Diogo; SottoMayor, Ricardo; Jacinto, Miguel; Silva, Fernanda M.; Cid, Luis; Duarte-Mendes, Pedrofirst_pageDownload PDFsettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Assessing Functional Ankle Instability in Sport: A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis by Élio Alexandre 1,Diogo Monteiro 1,2ORCID,Ricardo SottoMayor 1ORCID,Miguel Jacinto 1,2ORCID,Fernanda M. Silva 3ORCID,Luis Cid 2,4ORCID andPedro Duarte-Mendes 5,6,*ORCID 1 ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal 2 Research Center in Sport, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal 3 Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal 4 Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal 5 Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-266 Castelo Branco, Portugal 6 Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, SPRINT, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Healthcare 2024, 12(17), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171733 Submission received: 5 August 2024 / Revised: 23 August 2024 / Accepted: 28 August 2024 / Published: 30 August 2024 (This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Physical Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is the subject of extensive research in sports and other environments. Given the importance of accurately measuring this latent construct, it is imperative to carry out a careful assessment of the available tools. In this context, the aim of this review was to take an in-depth look at the six most cited measurement tools to assess FAI, with a specific focus on patient-reported outcome measures related to ankle and foot. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and SportDiscus) were searched (up to November 2022) to identify the six most cited questionnaires for assessing FAI. Our analysis showed that the most cited questionnaires are the following: the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Each questionnaire was thoroughly assessed and discussed in three sections: Development, Reliability, and Summaries. In addition, bibliometric data were calculated to analyze the relevance of each questionnaire. Despite variations in terms of validity and reliability, conceptualization, structure, and usefulness, the six questionnaires proved to be robust from a psychometric point of view, being widely supported in the literature. The bibliometric analyses suggested that the FAOS ranks first and the FFI ranks sixth in the weighted average of the impact factors of their original publications.
- Assessing the impact of strength training in the functional fitness of the elderlyPublication . Salvador, Rogério; Frontini, RobertaBACKGROUND: The health benefits of resistance training have been vastly valued in opposition to strength training. Nonetheless, literature has consistently acknowledged the clinical and functional benefits of strength training. The main aim of this study was to better understand the impact of the inclusion of a strength training on the functional aptitude of elderly participants. METHODS: This observational research recruited the sample at a local wellness center. Participants were part of two different groups: a Control Group and a Strength Training Group. Both groups were assessed in the beginning and at the end of the school year. A validated adaptation of The Senior Fitness Test was used. Height, weight, Body Mass Index, and body fat mass were also calculated. RESULTS: Regarding the differences from Time 1 to Time 2, the Strength Training Group obtained a statistically significant result on the chair stand and the Body Mass Index, with a large and a moderate effect respectively. The Control Group had a statistically significant result on the chair sit-and-reach, the two-minute step test and the percentage of body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: The results seem to suggest that the two training methodologies may be effective in improving the functionality of the elderly. Strength training revealed potential contributions in the improvement of some of the results, such as flexibility of the upper limbs or even strength of the lower limbs.
- Barriers and motives for physical activity and sports practice among trans people: A systematic reviewPublication . Oliveira, Joana; Frontini, Roberta; Jacinto, Miguel; Antunes, RaulThis study aimed to analyze the research conducted between 2016 and 2021, regarding barriers and motives for the practice of physical activity (PA), physical exercise (PE), and sports among trans individuals. The searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases between January 2022 and April 2022, and included papers published between October 2016 and December 2021. After reading the full text of the studies, and according to the eligibility criteria previously defined, only six studies met the inclusion criteria. Internal barriers were related to body dissatisfaction and discomfort, discrimination, and fear of other people’s reactions. Regarding external barriers, sports environment, PE environment, and sports participation policies and regulations are the main factors expressed by trans individuals that hinder the practice of sports and PE. The desire to achieve a specific physical form and the role that PE plays in the preparation and/or replacement of gender-confirming surgery are the most important motives for the practice. This study highlights the importance of continuing to fight the barriers encountered in the practice of PE and sports, suggesting the main motives that could help create better interventions, plans, and inclusive policies that may help promote its practice.
- Can group exercise programs improve health outcomes in pregnant women? An updated systematic reviewPublication . Castro, Rebeca de; Antunes, Raul; Mendes, Diogo; Szumilewicz, Anna; Santos-Rocha, RitaCurrent scientific evidence supports the recommendation to initiate or continue physical exercise in healthy pregnant women. Group exercise programs have positive effects on improving health, well-being, and social support. In 2015, a systematic review was provided to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of group exercise programs in improving pregnant women’s and newborns’ health outcomes and to assess the content of the programs. This review aims to update this knowledge between 2015 and 2020. The exercise program designs were analyzed with the Consensus of Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) model, the compliance with the current guidelines, and effectiveness in the maternal health and fitness parameters. Three databases were used to conduct literature searches. Thirty-one randomized control trials were selected for analysis. All studies followed a supervised group exercise program including aerobic, resistance, pelvic floor training, stretching, and relaxation sections. Group interventions during pregnancy improved health and fitness outcomes for the women and newborns, although some gaps were identified in the interventions. Multidisciplinary teams of exercise and health professionals should advise pregnant women that group exercise improves a wide range of health outcomes for them and their newborns.
- Challenges and Innovations in Osteochondral Regeneration: Insights from Biology and Inputs from Bioengineering toward the Optimization of Tissue Engineering StrategiesPublication . Morouço, P.; Fernandes, C.; Lattanzi, W.Due to the extremely high incidence of lesions and diseases in aging population, it is critical to put all efforts into developing a successful implant for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Many of the patients undergoing surgery present osteochondral fissure extending until the subchondral bone (corresponding to a IV grade according to the conventional radiographic classification by Berndt and Harty). Therefore, strategies for functional tissue regeneration should also aim at healing the subchondral bone and joint interface, besides hyaline cartilage. With the ambition of contributing to solving this problem, several research groups have been working intensively on the development of tailored implants that could promote that complex osteochondral regeneration. These implants may be manufactured through a wide variety of processes and use a wide variety of (bio)materials. This review aimed to examine the state of the art regarding the challenges, advantages, and drawbacks of the current strategies for osteochondral regeneration. One of the most promising approaches relies on the principles of additive manufacturing, where technologies are used that allow for the production of complex 3D structures with a high level of control, intended and predefined geometry, size, and interconnected pores, in a reproducible way. However, not all materials are suitable for these processes, and their features should be examined, targeting a successful regeneration.
- Comparison of motivational factors for the practice of exercise at gyms and nature and adventure sportsPublication . Frontini, Roberta; Brandão, António; Monteiro, Maria; Salvador, Rogério; Lima, Ricardo Franco; Fernandes, Daniel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelPhysical inactivity continues rising making it necessary to understand what motives the practice of physical exercise and sports. 901 Portuguese practitioners of exercise at gyms and nature and adventure sports modalities were recruited. Participants answered to the Portuguese version of the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2) to assess the motives for the practice. Independent t-test were executed to compare the motives between the 2 groups and d Cohen was executed for effect size. We found that some motives were significantly higher in exercise at gyms compared to nature and adventure sports, namely Health Avoidance (p = 0.001; d = 1.27), Health Pressures (p = 0.001; d = 0.76), Positive Health (p = 0.001; d = 1.09), Strength & Endurance (p = 0.001; d = 1.02) and Nimbleness (p = 0.001; d = 0.80). These results are in line with previous studies suggesting that the pursuit of health benefits is usually most identified by physical exercise practitioners. These studies are important to create different motivational profiles which may have an impact in the practice (and in the avoidance of withdrawals) in physical activity practice. Keywords: Exercise at gyms; Nature and adventure sports; Motivation.
- O comportamento do consumidor no mercado fitness: físico x virtualPublication . Eloisa Mello, Mariane; Curth, Marcelo; Albornoz Gonçalves, Manuela; Salvador, RogérioA sobrevivência do profissional de Educação Física, bem como as empresas do mercado fitness, frente a eventos adversos externos, impostos de forma abrupta por uma nova realidade decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19, expôs a fragilidade das relações comerciais com seus alunos/clientes, comprometendo as receitas e forçando-os a se reinventar e adaptar-se às novas modalidades de atendimento. Entendendo que a percepção de valor, confiança, necessidade de interação afetam a intenção de compra do consumidor, este artigo tem como objetivo verificar esta influência no mercado fitness de modo comparativo ao ambiente de entrega do serviço: estabelecimentos com serviços físicos x virtuais. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo survey com 161 alunos/clientes de academias. A técnica estatística utilizada foi Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), por meio da qual o modelo conceitual foi testado. Os resultados destacam a percepção de que o consumo em lojas físicas obtém uma resposta emocional positiva visando à intenção de compra por parte do consumidor, visto que valoriza bastante a interação humana, gerando sentimentos de alegria, satisfação e bem-estar, sendo sensível tanto ao preço comportamental como o monetário. Indicam maior percepção de qualidade e confiança na compra de serviços/produtos em ambientes físicos quando comparado à venda no formato virtual, considerando a necessidade de interação do aluno/cliente com o profissional de Educação Física.
- A Deep Learning Neural Network to Classify Obesity Risk in Portuguese Adolescents Based on Physical Fitness Levels and Body Mass Index Percentiles: Insights for National Health PoliciesPublication . Forte, Pedro; Encarnação, Samuel; Monteiro, António; Teixeira, José; Hattabi, Soukaina; Sortwell, Andrew; Branquinho, Luís; Amaro, Bruna; Sampaio, Tatiana; Flores, Pedro; Silva-santos, Sandra; Ribeiro, Joana; Batista, Amanda; Ferraz, Ricardo; Rodrigues, FilipeThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and death. In addition, obesity among children and adolescents has reached unprecedented levels and studies show that obese children and adolescents are more likely to become obese adults. Therefore, both the prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents are critical. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) neural network (NNET) model that identifies the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on their body mass index (BMI) percentiles and levels of physical fitness. Using datasets from the FITescola® project, 654 adolescents aged between 10–19 years old, male: 334 (51%), female: n = 320 (49%), age 13.8 ± 2 years old, were selected to participate in a cross-sectional observational study. Physical fitness variables, age, and sex were used to identify the risk of obesity. The NNET had good accuracy (75%) and performance validation through the Receiver Operating Characteristic using the Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC = 64%) in identifying the risk of obesity in Portuguese adolescents based on the BMI percentiles. Correlations of moderate effect size were perceived for aerobic fitness (AF), upper limbs strength (ULS), and sprint time (ST), showing that some physical fitness variables contributed to the obesity risk of the adolescents. Our NNET presented a good accuracy (75%) and was validated with the K-Folds Cross-Validation (K-Folds CV) with good accuracy (71%) and ROC AUC (66%). According to the NNET, there was an increased risk of obesity linked to low physical fitness in Portuguese teenagers.
- Dispositional Orientations in Competitive Ultimate Frisbee AthletesPublication . Amoroso, J.; Antunes, R.; Valente-dos-Santos, J.; Furtado, G.; Rebelo-Goncalves, R.The purpose of this study to analyze dispositional orientations among Ultimate Frisbee (UF) athletes according to different divisions. Data was collected during the European Beach Ultimate Championship (EBUC) 2019. The sample comprised a total of 484 athletes (34.7±9.7 years of age), from 19 countries. Participants were asked to fill in a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ). Participants were grouped in eight competitive divisions: Mixed (n=123), Grand master men’s (n=61), Master mixed (n=59), Master men’s (n=57), Great grand master men’s (n=52), Master women’s (n=51), Men’s (n=50) and Women’s (n=31). The POSQ demonstrated a reasonable internal consistency, with the inter-item reliability coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.90. An analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare goal orientation by UF divisions (i.e., women’s, men’s, mixed, master women’s, master men’s, master mixed, grand master men’s, great grand master men’s). On average, UF athletes reported higher levels of perceived task orientations (4.17±0.80 vs. 3.13±0.82). Multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a significant main effect of UF division on the POSQ scores. The Women’s, Men's and Mixed presented the higher task values (4.27±0.72, 4.32±0.78, and 4.35±0.67, respectively), while the Master women´s division presented the highest ego score (3.61±0.71). Our findings indicated that success among UF athletes is defined in self-referenced terms, such as through mastering tasks or improving one´s own personal skills. Further studies are necessary to understand the dispositional orientation between athletes of different divisions, since there are a variety of environmental and social variables that can be promoted and influence the observed differences. Keywords: achievement