CARME - Capítulos de livros
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- An experimental analysis of grandfathering versus dynamic auctioning in the EU ETSPublication . Botelho, Anabela; Fernandes, Maria Eduarda; Pinto, LígiaPurpose – This study constitutes a first attempt to experimentally test the performance of a 100% auction versus a 100% free allocation of CO2 permits under the rules and parameters that mimic the EU ETS (imperfect competition, uncertainty in emissions' control, and allowing banking), with environmental targets more restrictive than the current ones but foreseeable for the near future. Methodology/approach – Two experimental treatments were run to achieve our goal. Both included the rules and the parameters that parallel the EU ETS structure, the only difference being the rule for the primary allocation of permits. Findings – Our experimental results indicate that the EU ETS has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, achieving targets considerably more restrictive than the current ones at high efficiency levels, both with auctioned and free emission permits. Practical implications – Concerns about undue scarcity, and corresponding high prices, in secondary markets generated by a primary auction market are not warranted under the proposed dynamic auction format. This adds arguments favoring auctioning over grandfathering as the rule for the initial allocation of emission permits in the EU ETS. Originality/value of chapter – This study implements a theoretically appropriate auction format for the primary allocation of emission permits (the Ausubel (2004) auction) and incorporates a first attempt to include in the analysis measures of the risk preferences of subjects participating in emission permits experiments. These characteristics are for the first time implemented under a complex experimental design (including uncertainty of emission abatement, and banking), trying to parallel the EU ETS trading environment.
- Application of Renewable Energy—The Case of San Tomé IslandPublication . Ceita, Ludcelma de; Manso, Ricardo; Eugénio, TeresaIn the current context, the energy sector is one of the most important strategic points for the economic transformation of any society. Access to energy is a universal human right and a concern of the state. Whatever national development strategy is defined or implemented, it will always require measures to promote access to energy for all. Although the strong growth of renewable energies worldwide is evident, there are still few studies on their applicability in developing countries. The aim of this study is to contribute to energy sustainability in an emerging country where renewable energies have been little analysed and developed. The country analysed is São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). This paper develops a study on the application of renewable energy, energy sustainability, and clean electricity generation as challenges of the present and ways forward. Aware of the potential of natural resources on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, the study follows the following methodology: first phase: a preliminary study to describe the current energy situation on the island; second phase: presentation of a simulation on the use of available resources that has a direct impact on minimising the consumption of fossil fuels on the islands and on the country’s dependence on foreign fuel imports. As a result, the following proposal is made: Utilisation of photovoltaic solar energy with the help of agro-voltaic systems and floating panels, a biomass plant and a transition to electromobility with the help of electric vehicles as energy storage and means of transport.
- Assessment of Job Satisfaction in Nurses: Contributions to Health ManagementPublication . Costeira, Cristina; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Oliveira-Salgueiro, Anabela; Santos, Cátia; Pais, Nelson; Ventura, FilipaBackground: Evidence reflects that job satisfaction is an indicator of the quality of health care. Health managers and decision-makers cannot neglect its importance and should promote organizational interventions for its assessment and improvement. Objective: This study aims to (i) compare the job satisfaction experienced by nurses with the one desired (ii) identify the lowest areas of current satisfaction and (iii) reflect in areas of lowest and higher job satisfaction. Method: A descriptive study carried out in September 2021 with thirty oncology nurses, who were asked to fill out an electronic questionnaire with the professional life wheel coaching tool. This coaching diagnostic tool assesses the current satisfaction level and the desired satisfaction level from 1 to 10. The inquired areas were: salary, career progression, relationships with managers, relationships with the team, relationships with patients/family, professional environment, feeling of institutional belonging, working conditions, appreciation/recognition, and professional fulfillment. Ethical assumptions were preserved. Results: The results suggest that oncology nurses have important levels of job dissatisfaction. The lowest values of experienced job satisfaction were related to career development, while the highest were related to team relationships. Regarding the desired job satisfaction, the salary was the area presenting the least need for correction. The relationship with patients and families was identified as the area with the greatest desire for improvement. There was a weak correlation between job satisfaction and age, and job satisfaction and professional experience. Discussion and Conclusion: The relationship with the team was one of the areas identified by nurses as significant for their levels of satisfaction, revealing the importance of promoting the development of healthful and effective relationships. Promoting relationships with patients and families is also important as this area was identified as a desire for greater professional development. Health care institutions and nurse managers aiming at the promotion of job satisfaction should plan interventions focusing on the areas of lower job satisfaction and towards younger nurses, who have less experience in clinical environments. Such an approach will likely allow the nurses to feel valued and will reduce the gap between experienced and desired job satisfaction.
- Bibliometrics in Public AdministrationPublication . Marques, Tânia M. G.; Reis, Nuno Rosa; Serra, Fernando A. R.Introduction: Bibliometrics refers to the studies which seek to compute the processes of written communication, including several methods for tracking the scientific information on a discipline, a field, or a topic. Thus, bibliometrics make available a complementary perspective of the history, path, and evolution of a discipline through the quantitative analysis of its existent literature. In Public Administration, there is arguably a scarcity of bibliometric studies. The relevance and usefulness of the bibliometric approach has not been yet fully grasped by the Public Administration scholars. Thus, an advancement on this comprehension and a widespread use of bibliometric techniques may contribute to advance the research in the Public Administration discipline.
- Brand and Competitiveness in Health and Wellness TourismPublication . Santos, Eleonora; Crespo, Cátia; Moreira, Jacinta; Castanho, Rui AlexandreHealth and wellness tourism is growing worldwide, triggering a resurgence of competition in this segment and a clear need for the supply to develop new products and services, increasingly creative and exclusive, capable of attracting tourists. Thermal waters in Portugal are considered very rich in terms of chemical composition, which makes their use highly important in various wellness and rejuvenating therapies like balneotherapy, thermalism, etc. This enables the country to pursue a differentiated wellness-related experience product, which is a key determinant of customer loyalty and can play an important role in regional development. Natural resources contribute to the strengths of territories and can be leveraged by marketing tools such as brands. This article intends to draw inferences about the effect of the brand on the competitiveness of the wellness tourism supply, across NUTS II regions of the continent, during the period of ten years, with a special focus on the recent period of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a sample of 10 spas in Portugal, retrieved from SABI database, we analyze the evolution of four competitiveness indicators: market share, productivity, return on investment and talent retention, for 2010–2020, by clusters of firms with and without brand. The correlation analysis between brand and competitiveness indicators suggests a strong positive and significant relationship between brand and market share, in the Centro and Lisbon regions, starting in 2017 and increasing over time. Finally, some recommendations on tourism management are made to improve the competitiveness of the supply.
- Building Strategic Capabilities in Brazilian FirmsPublication . Fleury, Maria Tereza Leme; Calixto, Cyntia Vilasboas; Frias Pinto, Cláudia Sofia; Fleury, AfonsoIn this chapter, we highlight the strategic capabilities that have enabled six Brazilian companies to achieve competitive advantage. We selected firms from different industries and stages of internationalization in order to show a broad perspective of local and international successful firms. WEG and Fanen developed technological capabilities associated to both world-class manufacturing and product innovation, whereas Stefanini and Integration have consolidated knowledge about servicing emerging markets. Grendene’s production and operations are its key capabilities for international operations through exports, while innovative design and processes support their strategy in the local markets. The key capabilities of Dr.Consulta are entrepreneurship and innovation. In sum, due to highly turbulent institutional and economic environment, Brazilian firms have had to develop some specific capabilities, especially those related to financial management and organizational flexibility.
- Business Plan Globetrot Plus Blockchain B2C Artificial Intelligence Solution for Tourism IndustryPublication . Syed, Hassan; Castanho, Rui Alexandre; Santos, Eleonora; García, Pablo Juan Cárdenas; Franco, MaraTravel is the ideal outcome for online diffusion. Unlike buying in most industries, the travel trade implicates the exchange, not physical inventory; however, it demands information. The tourist must select from many imaginable products, services, and fees that may differ with the minor adjustment of any parameters. Suppose, for example, a one-way airplane ticket. That ticket, for the same seat on an equivalent airplane, could be significantly more or less costly should the consumer decide to take delivery of the product (i.e., departure date or time) only a few hours earlier or later. The price for the same effect could likewise vary if the tourist was to complete the acquisition a day before or later. The special dynamics of travel shopping and buying are ideally fitted to the Internet, and the result of this creative medium has been nothing less than stunning. In this regard, the article is based on direct and indirect methods—being the literature review the most used technique. Contextually, in this study, it is possible to verify that the AI-combined Blockchain solution may seem a bit advanced at this stage; however, with further innovations, entering the applied field will certainty make this concept a reality.
- Business Strategies and University-Pharmaceutical Industry CollaborationPublication . Santos, Eleonora; Moreira, Jacinta; Castanho, Rui AlexandreThe literature provides plenty of evidence that innovation is a key driver of corporate competitiveness. However, R&D involves many financial resources. Thus, a way to overcome firms’ financial constraints is to form partnerships and collaborations with universities, usually funded by public capital, to achieve strategic corporate objectives. Therefore, and considering that the pharmaceutical industry is the one that most depends on the results of R&D, this article is a case study of how a pharmaceutical company in the Centro region of Portugal, where there is already a health cluster, incorporated the collaboration with the university in its long-term business strategy. We employ a narrative analysis of the media news, to show the management capacity in dealing with numerous and continuous challenges of the present context to continue pursuing the company’s long-term goals. The results show that the corporate strategy is based on two main aspects, on the one hand, collaboration with the university aiming at technological differentiation and, on the other, on the flexibility of production to achieve long term growth. Our contribution to the literature on the subject is twofold. First, we introduce the specific case of the pharmaceutical industry and argue that geographical distance is important to establish collaborations with academia due to the nature of the research (human health) that relies greatly in labs with human experiments. Second, we identify and highlight the role of Innovation prizes and publishing agreements as part of a strategy to attract talents and gain access to innovation, and to retain and increase the number of customers, as well as to improve the company's notoriety and reputation.
- Caraterização do poder local na Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Leiria: forma e género na admissão dos dirigentes intermédios de 2o grauPublication . Caçador, Solange; Marques, Tânia; Reis, Nuno; Reis, NunoO procedimento administrativo dedicado ao recrutamento e seleção dos dirigentes superiores na administração pública em Portugal, em geral, e na administração local, em particular, está regulamentado por legislação própria, sendo que a análise e a avaliação do procedimento subjacente ao processo administrativo é de extrema importância. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal a análise do procedimento administrativo dedicado ao recrutamento e seleção em termos de forma e género de dirigentes intermédios de 2o grau dos dez municípios que integram a Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Leiria, no mandato municipal que decorreu entre 2017 a 2021. Em termos de método, recorreu-se à abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, com um total de 215 documentos pesquisados no Diário da República Eletrónico e mapas de pessoal dos dez municípios que integram a Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Leiria.
- Circular Economy and Sustainability: What Are They Saying About It? – A Literature ReviewPublication . Costa, Berta; Rodrigues, SusanaCircular economy (CE) and sustainability are two interrelated con- cepts that are increasingly gaining attention in the fields of business, economics, and environmental studies. Although both concepts share similarities as they both aim to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and promote sustainable development, they have predominantly been addressed sep- arately as two independent areas of knowledge, and continue to be ambiguous. Their relationship in literature has not been clarified, which may be obfuscating their overall usage. The aim of this article is to clarify the concepts of circular economy and sustainability, to examine how these two constructs have evolved in the last decades, and to identify their similarities and differences. In this regard a specific literature review was performed. For this purpose, 48 publications were identified, and a content analysis was conducted. Based on the aforementioned literature review, key findings relatively to circular economy and sustainability are presented.