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- 3D shape prior active contours for an automatic segmentation of a patient specific femur from a CT scanPublication . Almeida, D.; Folgado, J.; Fernandes, P.R.; Ruben, RuiThe following paper describes a novel approach to a medical image segmentation problem. The fully automated computational procedure receives as input images from CT scan exams of the human femur and returns a three dimensional representation of the bone. This patient specific iterative approach is based in 3D active contours without edges, implemented over a level set framework, on which the evolution of the contour depends on local image parameters which can easily be defined by the user but also on a priori information about the volume to segment. This joint approach will lead to an optimal solution convergence of the iterative method. The resulting point cloud can be an excellent starting point for a Finite Element mesh generation and analysis or the basis for a stereolitography for example.
- Application of Renewable Energy—The Case of San Tomé IslandPublication . Ceita, Ludcelma de; Manso, Ricardo; Eugénio, TeresaIn the current context, the energy sector is one of the most important strategic points for the economic transformation of any society. Access to energy is a universal human right and a concern of the state. Whatever national development strategy is defined or implemented, it will always require measures to promote access to energy for all. Although the strong growth of renewable energies worldwide is evident, there are still few studies on their applicability in developing countries. The aim of this study is to contribute to energy sustainability in an emerging country where renewable energies have been little analysed and developed. The country analysed is São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). This paper develops a study on the application of renewable energy, energy sustainability, and clean electricity generation as challenges of the present and ways forward. Aware of the potential of natural resources on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, the study follows the following methodology: first phase: a preliminary study to describe the current energy situation on the island; second phase: presentation of a simulation on the use of available resources that has a direct impact on minimising the consumption of fossil fuels on the islands and on the country’s dependence on foreign fuel imports. As a result, the following proposal is made: Utilisation of photovoltaic solar energy with the help of agro-voltaic systems and floating panels, a biomass plant and a transition to electromobility with the help of electric vehicles as energy storage and means of transport.
- Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainable Indicators in AgribusinessPublication . Monteiro, Sónia; Quesado, Patrícia; Ribeiro, Verónica; Fernandes, Maria Eduarda; Eugénio, Teresa; Costa, João; Rodrigues, Hugo; Tomás, MarinaThe aim of this paper is to analyze the scientific production in the last decade (2011–2022) related to sustainable indicators (environmental, economic, social and ESG—Environmental, Social and Governance) in agribusiness. As methodology, a bibliometric study was carried out on articles from Scopus database. Afterwards, the most cited articles, journals and countries were analyzed, as well as a thematic analysis of the keywords. Results indicate that research on sustainable indi- cators of agribusiness has increased over time. In last years, the number of scientific papers on these topics has been increasing, probably associated with the approval of the United Nations for Sustainable Development (known as 2030 Agenda, approved in 2015). Italy is the country with most publications, the highest number of citations, and with the largest collaboration network. Most papers are published in 2 journals of higher impact and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is cited as the most usual method to assess the impact of business. Regarding the indicators to evaluate the sustain- ability of agribusiness, there is a greater predominance of environmental indicators compared to economic and social indicators.
- Building Strategic Capabilities in Brazilian FirmsPublication . Fleury, Maria Tereza Leme; Calixto, Cyntia Vilasboas; Frias Pinto, Cláudia Sofia; Fleury, AfonsoIn this chapter, we highlight the strategic capabilities that have enabled six Brazilian companies to achieve competitive advantage. We selected firms from different industries and stages of internationalization in order to show a broad perspective of local and international successful firms. WEG and Fanen developed technological capabilities associated to both world-class manufacturing and product innovation, whereas Stefanini and Integration have consolidated knowledge about servicing emerging markets. Grendene’s production and operations are its key capabilities for international operations through exports, while innovative design and processes support their strategy in the local markets. The key capabilities of Dr.Consulta are entrepreneurship and innovation. In sum, due to highly turbulent institutional and economic environment, Brazilian firms have had to develop some specific capabilities, especially those related to financial management and organizational flexibility.
- Chapter 13. Future Perspectives on ElectrospinningPublication . Mitchell, Geoffrey R.; Sperrin, MalcolmAlthough the origins of electrospinning date back over 100 years, it is intense activity in the last 21 years which has led to considerable improvements in our knowledge of electrospinning and the broad-ranging opportunities for commercial application. The recent development of melt electrospinning provides a new additive manufacturing tool, providing routes to structures from nanometres to millimetres. Here, we consider where this rollercoaster of a topic is heading and its future prospects.
- Circular Economy and Sustainability: What Are They Saying About It? – A Literature ReviewPublication . Costa, Berta; Rodrigues, SusanaCircular economy (CE) and sustainability are two interrelated con- cepts that are increasingly gaining attention in the fields of business, economics, and environmental studies. Although both concepts share similarities as they both aim to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and promote sustainable development, they have predominantly been addressed sep- arately as two independent areas of knowledge, and continue to be ambiguous. Their relationship in literature has not been clarified, which may be obfuscating their overall usage. The aim of this article is to clarify the concepts of circular economy and sustainability, to examine how these two constructs have evolved in the last decades, and to identify their similarities and differences. In this regard a specific literature review was performed. For this purpose, 48 publications were identified, and a content analysis was conducted. Based on the aforementioned literature review, key findings relatively to circular economy and sustainability are presented.
- Consumers’ Acceptance and Willingness to Pay for Innovative and Sustainable Food – an Exploratory StudyPublication . C., João Maurício; Fernandes, Maria EduardaThe agricultural sector is currently facing several challenges, and needs to evolve to a more sustainable system. Consumers have a major role to play in this transformation. In this sense, this study aims to explore Portuguese consumers’ receptiveness and willingness to pay (WTP) for innovative and more sustainable food. Particularly, for apples produced in an innovative and sustainable way, making using of algae from the Portuguese coast. Additionally, the impact of information provided to consumers about the consequences of consuming this new product, on their receptiveness and willingness to pay, is tested: focusing on health benefits of the new product vs. on the environmental benefits. To this end, an online questionnaire was conducted in Portugal in July 2022. From a sample of 411 valid answers and 396 apple consumers, a wide majority (86.9%) were receptive to this innovative and sustainable apples and was willing to pay a price premium of 0.35 e/kg compared to the conventional apples (average price of 1.95 e/kg for sustainable apples, compared to 1.60 e/kg for conventional apples). This WTP was not influenced by the type of information provided in terms of benefits of the new product (health vs. environment) but the acceptance for the innovative apple increased with the provision of information. Additionally, some respondent’s ecological consumption habits and socioeconomic characteristics demonstrated to be statistically significant for the WTP. These results indicate that consumers are aware of the need to move towards a more sustainable food sector and value this innovative (and more sustainable) apples.
- Industry 4.0 Machine-to-Machine Communication Protocols and Architectures on the Shop FloorPublication . Cavalcanti, Marcella; Costelha, Hugo; Neves, CarlosThe concept of Industry 4.0 and the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) on industrial applications, known as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), have been changing the scenario of industrial automation. This new paradigm is expected to optimize industrial processes, increase productivity, lower costs and improve operations integration. For that, structured Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is key to ensure agility, interoperability and reliability, with several solutions currently available in the literature and in industry. This paper reviews the state of the art on industrial communication protocols and architectures, providing a classification and comparison of these different solutions based on their most relevant features in the context of Industry 4.0.
- Photocrosslinkable Materials for the Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Constructs by StereolithographyPublication . Pereira, Rúben F.; Bártolo, Paulo J.Stereolithography is an additive technique that produces three-dimensional (3D) solid objects using a multi-layer procedure through the selective photoinitiated curing reaction of a liquid photosensitive material. Stereolithographic processes have been widely employed in Tissue Engineering for the fabrication of temporary constructs, using natural and synthetic polymers, and polymer-ceramic composites. These processes allow the fabrication of complex structures with a high accuracy and precision at physiological temperatures, incorporating cells and growth factors without significant damage or denaturation. Despite recent advances on the development of novel biomaterials and biocompatible crosslinking agents, the main limitation of these techniques are the lack number of available photocrosslinkable materials, exhibiting appropriate biocompatibility and biodegradability. This chapter gives an overview of the current state-of-art of materials and stereolithographic techniques to produce constructs for tissue regeneration, outlining challenges for future research.
- PrefacePublication . Fernandes, Paulo Rui; Bártolo, Paulo JorgeThis book is a contribution for Tissue Engineering seen as multidisciplinary field involving scientists from different backgrounds like medicine, chemistry, material science, engineering and biology with a focus on the development of mathematical methods that are quite relevant to understand cell biology and human tissues as well to model, design and fabricate optimized and smart scaffolds.