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Percorrer ESTG - Capítulos de livros por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis"
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- Analysis of Power Quality Disturbances in Industry in the Centre Region of PortugalPublication . Moreira, Licinio; Leitão, Sérgio; Vale, Zita; Galvão, João; Franco Marques, Pedro JoséPower quality issues have taken a more prominent role in power systems over the last years. These issues are of major concern for energy customers, primarily for customers with a widespread use of electronic devices in their manufacturing processes. Even though the quality of service is increasing, customers are becoming more demanding of the energy provider. This research aims to provide some industrial managers the technical support in deciding of investments in the mitigation of power quality disturbances, such as the use of less sensitive devices or the use of interface devices (UPS, DVR...) In order to recommend an appropriate solution, the problem is characterized. The technical and economic influences of the PQ disturbances in the manufacturing processes are assessed resorting to power quality audits in the customer facilities. This research covered a significant number of facilities in several industrial activities.
- Characterization of the Dagorda Claystone in Leiria, Portugal, Based on Laboratory TestsPublication . Veiga, A.; Quinta-Ferreira, M.The Hetangian Dagorda claystone Formation occupies the core of a diapir outcropping in part of the city of Leiria, exhibiting a complex geological structure. The geological and geotechnical characterization is presented based in field observation and laboratory tests allowing to conclude that the Dagorda clay soils exhibit an unfavourable behaviour for urban occupation, due to the presence of expansive clay minerals. When partially saturated these soils can lead to cracking of walls and floors, or even to endanger the stability of buildings, if they have not been strengthened to resist to expansive soil. The presence of soluble minerals, mainly gypsum and seldom halite, can allow the formation of voids and eventually the deformation or collapse of the ground. Suitable safety procedures, in order to prevent hazards should be used.
- Computational Resource Management for Video Coding in Mobile EnvironmentsPublication . Correa, Guilherme; Assunção, Pedro; Agostini, Luciano; Cruz, Luis A. da SilvaThe increase of computational resources in mobile devices and the availability of reliable communication infrastructures provide support for acquisition, display, coding/decoding and transmission of high-resolution video in a broad set of equipment such as tablets and smartphones. Nevertheless, real-time video encoding and decoding is still a challenge in such computing environments, especially when considering the amount of computational resources required by state-of-the-art video coding standards. Moreover, battery technologies did not evolve as much as desired, which makes power consumption minimization an important issue for the mobile devices industry and users. Therefore, in current mobile systems, the available computational resources along with battery-life are responsible for imposing significant limitations on mobile real-time multimedia communications. This chapter presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on management of computational resources for video encoding systems in mobile communications equipment. A review on computational complexity analysis of both H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards is presented, followed by a description of current methods for modelling, reducing and controlling the expenditure of computational resources on these video codecs. Finally, future trends on computational complexity management for video codecs implemented on power-constrained devices are lined out.
- Design of Radio-Frequency Integrated CMOS Discrete Tuning Varactors Using the Particle Swarm Optimization AlgorithmPublication . Pires, E. J. Solteiro; Mendes, Luís; Oliveira, P. B. de Moura; Machado, J. A. Tenreiro; Vaz, João C.; Rosário, Maria J.This paper presents an automated design procedure of radio- frequency integrated CMOS discrete tuning varactors (RFDTVs). This new method use the maximin and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to promote well distributed non-dominated fronts in the parameters space when a single-objective function is optimized. The fitness function used in the search tool is proportional to the RFDTV quality factor. The outcome of the automated design method comprises a set of RFDTV circuits, all having the same maximum performance. Each solution, which corresponds to one RFDTV circuit, is defined by the number of cells and by the circuit components values. This approach allows the designer to choose among several possible circuits the one that is easier to implement in a given CMOS process. To validate the effectiveness of the synthesis procedure proposed in this paper (PSO-method) comparisons with a design method based on genetic algorithms (GA-method) are presented. A 0.18 μm CMOS radio-frequency binary-weighted differential switched capacitor array (RFDSCA) was designed and implemented (the RFDSCA is one of the possible topologies of the RFDTVs). The results show that both design methods are in very good agreement. However, the PSO technique outperforms the GA-method in the design procedure run time taken to accomplish the same performance results.
- Design Optimization of Radio Frequency Discrete Tuning VaractorsPublication . Moreira Mendes, Luís Miguel; Pires, Eduardo J. Solteiro; Oliveira, Paulo B. de Moura; Machado, José A. Tenreiro; Ferreira, Nuno M. Fonseca; Vaz, João Caldinhas; Rosário, Maria J.This work presents a procedure to automate the design of Si-integrated radio frequency (RF) discrete tuning varactors (RFDTVs). The synthesis method, which is based on evolutionary algorithms, searches for optimum performance RF switched capacitor array circuits that fulfill the design restrictions. The design algorithm uses the ε-dominance concept and the maximin sorting scheme to provide a set of different solutions (circuits) well distributed along an optimal front in the parameter space (circuit size and component values). Since all the solutions present the same performance, the designer can select the circuit that is best suited to be implemented in a particular integration technology. To assess the performance of the synthesis procedure, several RFDTV circuits, provided by the algorithm, were designed and simulated using a 0.18μm CMOS technology and the Cadence Virtuoso Design Platform. The comparisons between the algorithm and circuit simulation results show that they are very close,poi ting out that the proposed design procedure is a powerful design tool.
- A Face Attention Technique for a Robot Able to Interpret Facial ExpressionsPublication . Simplício, Carlos; Prado, José; Dias, JorgeAutomatic facial expressions recognition using vision is an important subject towards human-robot interaction. Here is proposed a human face focus of attention technique and a facial expressions classifier (a Dynamic Bayesian Network) to incorporate in an autonomous mobile agent whose hardware is composed by a robotic platform and a robotic head. The focus of attention technique is based on the symmetry presented by human faces. By using the output of this module the autonomous agent keeps always targeting the human face frontally. In order to accomplish this, the robot platform performs an arc centered at the human; thus the robotic head, when necessary, moves synchronized. In the proposed probabilistic classifier the information is propagated, from the previous instant, in a lower level of the network, to the current instant. Moreover, to recognize facial expressions are used not only positive evidences but also negative.
- Seismic behaviour analysis and retrofitting of a row buildingPublication . Barros, R.S.; Costa, A.; Varum, H.; Rodrigues, H.; Lourenço, P.B.; Vasconcelos, G.Rammed earth is one of the oldest building materials in the world, and it is present in Portugal with a particular focus in the South of the country. The mechanical properties and the structural behaviour of rammed earth constructions have been the subject of study of many researchers in the recent years. This study is part of a broader research on vernacular seismic culture in Portugal. Numerical analyses were carried out to assess the influence of different retrofitting solutions in the behaviour and seismic performance of a rammed earth building, representative of the vernacular heritage of Alentejo region. Understating the structural fragilities of this type of constructions allowed determining the most appropriate retrofitting solutions.
- Seismic behaviour assessment of vernacular isolated buildingsPublication . Ortega, J; Vasconcelos, G; Lourenço, P; Pinheiro Rodrigues, Hugo Filipe; Varum, H.This paper presents the numerical seismic analysis of isolated vernacular buildings characteristic of the Alentejo region, which is considered a medium seismic hazard region in Portugal.A representative isolated building was selected from a database, and a geometric model was defined for the numerical pushover analysis. Subsequently, a parametric analysis was carried out to assess the influence of distinct parameters on the seismic behaviour of such buildings.
- Seismic behaviour of vernacular architecturePublication . Varum, H.; Pinheiro Rodrigues, Hugo Filipe; Lourenço, Paulo B.; Vasconcelos, GraçaVernacular buildings are in several seismic prone regions a relevant part of the building stock. They represent an important part of the of the cultural legacy, and of the technological and heritage context of the society. The present paper presents a revision of the effect of recent earthquake disasters in old buildings, and discusses the influence of the main structural elements in the vulnerability of these buildings, as well as the more common failure mechanisms. Finally, it is presented a review on the elements that more contribute to the seismic behaviour and performance of vernacular buildings.
- Seismic vulnerability of vernacular buildings in urban centres-the case of vila real de santo antónioPublication . Vasconcelos, G.; Lourenço, P.B.; Rodrigues, H.; Varum, H.Following detailed studies of Portuguese vernacular building typologies, this paper deals with buildings located in historical urban centres. An analysis of the history of the urban centre and, in particular, of some vernacular buildings is enhanced. Additionally, a discussion on the influence of changes of the geometry, and on added built volumes to original buildings in the seismic vulnerability of the buildings is also provided.