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Percorrer ESTG - Capítulos de livros por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis"
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- Analysis of Power Quality Disturbances in Industry in the Centre Region of PortugalPublication . Moreira, Licinio; Leitão, Sérgio; Vale, Zita; Galvão, João; Franco Marques, Pedro JoséPower quality issues have taken a more prominent role in power systems over the last years. These issues are of major concern for energy customers, primarily for customers with a widespread use of electronic devices in their manufacturing processes. Even though the quality of service is increasing, customers are becoming more demanding of the energy provider. This research aims to provide some industrial managers the technical support in deciding of investments in the mitigation of power quality disturbances, such as the use of less sensitive devices or the use of interface devices (UPS, DVR...) In order to recommend an appropriate solution, the problem is characterized. The technical and economic influences of the PQ disturbances in the manufacturing processes are assessed resorting to power quality audits in the customer facilities. This research covered a significant number of facilities in several industrial activities.
- Characterization of the Dagorda Claystone in Leiria, Portugal, Based on Laboratory TestsPublication . Veiga, A.; Quinta-Ferreira, M.The Hetangian Dagorda claystone Formation occupies the core of a diapir outcropping in part of the city of Leiria, exhibiting a complex geological structure. The geological and geotechnical characterization is presented based in field observation and laboratory tests allowing to conclude that the Dagorda clay soils exhibit an unfavourable behaviour for urban occupation, due to the presence of expansive clay minerals. When partially saturated these soils can lead to cracking of walls and floors, or even to endanger the stability of buildings, if they have not been strengthened to resist to expansive soil. The presence of soluble minerals, mainly gypsum and seldom halite, can allow the formation of voids and eventually the deformation or collapse of the ground. Suitable safety procedures, in order to prevent hazards should be used.
- Computational Resource Management for Video Coding in Mobile EnvironmentsPublication . Correa, Guilherme; Assunção, Pedro; Agostini, Luciano; Cruz, Luis A. da SilvaThe increase of computational resources in mobile devices and the availability of reliable communication infrastructures provide support for acquisition, display, coding/decoding and transmission of high-resolution video in a broad set of equipment such as tablets and smartphones. Nevertheless, real-time video encoding and decoding is still a challenge in such computing environments, especially when considering the amount of computational resources required by state-of-the-art video coding standards. Moreover, battery technologies did not evolve as much as desired, which makes power consumption minimization an important issue for the mobile devices industry and users. Therefore, in current mobile systems, the available computational resources along with battery-life are responsible for imposing significant limitations on mobile real-time multimedia communications. This chapter presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on management of computational resources for video encoding systems in mobile communications equipment. A review on computational complexity analysis of both H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards is presented, followed by a description of current methods for modelling, reducing and controlling the expenditure of computational resources on these video codecs. Finally, future trends on computational complexity management for video codecs implemented on power-constrained devices are lined out.
- Database Marketing Process Supported by OntologiesPublication . Mota Pinto, Filipe; Marques, Alzira; Santos, Manuel FilipeThe dramatic explosion of data and the growing number of different data sources are exposing researchers to a new challenge - how to acquire, maintain, and share knowledge from large databases in the context of rapidly applied and evolving research. This paper describes research on an ontological approach for leveraging the semantic content of ontologies to improve knowledge discovery in databases. We analyze how ontologies and knowledge discovery process may interoperate and present our efforts to bridge the two fields, knowledge discovery in databases and ontology learning for successful database usage projects.
- Design of Radio-Frequency Integrated CMOS Discrete Tuning Varactors Using the Particle Swarm Optimization AlgorithmPublication . Pires, E. J. Solteiro; Mendes, Luís; Oliveira, P. B. de Moura; Machado, J. A. Tenreiro; Vaz, João C.; Rosário, Maria J.This paper presents an automated design procedure of radio- frequency integrated CMOS discrete tuning varactors (RFDTVs). This new method use the maximin and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms to promote well distributed non-dominated fronts in the parameters space when a single-objective function is optimized. The fitness function used in the search tool is proportional to the RFDTV quality factor. The outcome of the automated design method comprises a set of RFDTV circuits, all having the same maximum performance. Each solution, which corresponds to one RFDTV circuit, is defined by the number of cells and by the circuit components values. This approach allows the designer to choose among several possible circuits the one that is easier to implement in a given CMOS process. To validate the effectiveness of the synthesis procedure proposed in this paper (PSO-method) comparisons with a design method based on genetic algorithms (GA-method) are presented. A 0.18 μm CMOS radio-frequency binary-weighted differential switched capacitor array (RFDSCA) was designed and implemented (the RFDSCA is one of the possible topologies of the RFDTVs). The results show that both design methods are in very good agreement. However, the PSO technique outperforms the GA-method in the design procedure run time taken to accomplish the same performance results.
- Design Optimization of Radio Frequency Discrete Tuning VaractorsPublication . Moreira Mendes, Luís Miguel; Pires, Eduardo J. Solteiro; Oliveira, Paulo B. de Moura; Machado, José A. Tenreiro; Ferreira, Nuno M. Fonseca; Vaz, João Caldinhas; Rosário, Maria J.This work presents a procedure to automate the design of Si-integrated radio frequency (RF) discrete tuning varactors (RFDTVs). The synthesis method, which is based on evolutionary algorithms, searches for optimum performance RF switched capacitor array circuits that fulfill the design restrictions. The design algorithm uses the ε-dominance concept and the maximin sorting scheme to provide a set of different solutions (circuits) well distributed along an optimal front in the parameter space (circuit size and component values). Since all the solutions present the same performance, the designer can select the circuit that is best suited to be implemented in a particular integration technology. To assess the performance of the synthesis procedure, several RFDTV circuits, provided by the algorithm, were designed and simulated using a 0.18μm CMOS technology and the Cadence Virtuoso Design Platform. The comparisons between the algorithm and circuit simulation results show that they are very close,poi ting out that the proposed design procedure is a powerful design tool.
- A Face Attention Technique for a Robot Able to Interpret Facial ExpressionsPublication . Simplício, Carlos; Prado, José; Dias, JorgeAutomatic facial expressions recognition using vision is an important subject towards human-robot interaction. Here is proposed a human face focus of attention technique and a facial expressions classifier (a Dynamic Bayesian Network) to incorporate in an autonomous mobile agent whose hardware is composed by a robotic platform and a robotic head. The focus of attention technique is based on the symmetry presented by human faces. By using the output of this module the autonomous agent keeps always targeting the human face frontally. In order to accomplish this, the robot platform performs an arc centered at the human; thus the robotic head, when necessary, moves synchronized. In the proposed probabilistic classifier the information is propagated, from the previous instant, in a lower level of the network, to the current instant. Moreover, to recognize facial expressions are used not only positive evidences but also negative.
- Hybrid model for the energy efficiency of building servicesPublication . Galvão, João; Leitão, Sérgio; Malheiro, Salvador; Gaio, TiagoEnergy is used in multiple activities and represents a fundamental good for the planet and well being of populations. From this stems a steady increase in energy consumption worldwide through the last decade, and it is well known that growing population usually accelerates its consumption.The primary energy consumed on the planet currently has origin in fossil fuels, once responsible for GHG (greenhouse gas) emission source, contributing to the global warming and climate change.In this context to meeting the commitments of the Kyoto Protocol and European standards, it is urgent that there is an increasing integration of all forms of renewable energy, in industrial and economic areas.Consequently, there should be an adaptation to environmental factors and sustainability of the processes of energy production and consumptions, associated with measures that encourage energy efficiency and educate people to the good energy practices, reducing waste also increasing the quality of life of humanity. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
- Indicator-Based Evolutionary Level Set Approximation: Mixed Mutation Strategy and Extended AnalysisPublication . Liu, Lai-Yee; Basto-Fernandes, Vitor; Yevseyeva, Iryna; Kok, Joost; Emmerich, MichaelThe aim of evolutionary level set approximation is to find a finite representation of a level set of a given black box function. The problem of level set approximation plays a vital role in solving problems, for instance in fault detection in water distribution systems, engineering design, parameter identification in gene regulatory networks, and in drug discovery. The goal is to create algorithms that quickly converge to feasible solutions and then achieve a good coverage of the level set. The population based search scheme of evolutionary algorithms makes this type of algorithms well suited to target such problems. In this paper, the focus is on continuous black box functions and we propose a challenging benchmark for this problem domain and propose dual mutation strategies, that balance between global exploration and local refinement. Moreover, the article investigates the role of different indicators for measuring the coverage of the level set approximation. The results are promising and show that even for difficult problems in moderate dimension the proposed evolutionary level set approximation algorithm (ELSA) can serve as a versatile and robust meta-heuristic.
- Low Cost Smart Homes for EldersPublication . Ferreira, Gabriel; Penicheiro, Paulo; Bernardo, Ruben; Mendes, Luís; Barroso, João; Pereira, AntónioThe increase in life expectancy and the consequent aging of the general population pose, nowadays, major challenges to modern societies. Most elderly people have the usual problems related to old age, like health chronic problems and sensory and cognitive impairments. Besides that, in today’s modern societies, where families have less and less time to look after for their old relatives, the isolation of the elderly is a real concern and a very current problem, which is enhanced if the elders live alone. To solve or, at least, mitigate that problem, it was developed a smart home for elders that is presented and described in this paper. The developed assistive home system, which is based on available technology, can ensure the quality of life, safety and well-being of all older adults that want or desire to live in the comfort of their home, near to their friends and in their neighborhood, instead of living in elder care centers.
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