Unidade de Investigação - CARME - Centro de Investigação Aplicada em Gestão e Economia / Center for Applied Research in Management and Economics
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O Centro de Investigação Aplicada em Gestão e Economia (CARME) é uma nova unidade de investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D), que emerge da combinação da vontade e esforços de professores do Departamento de Gestão e Economia do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria (IPLeiria), para desenvolver atividades de I&D nas suas áreas de interesse e conhecimento.
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Percorrer Unidade de Investigação - CARME - Centro de Investigação Aplicada em Gestão e Economia / Center for Applied Research in Management and Economics por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas"
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- Atitudes e Comportamentos de Separação de Embalagens Usadas na Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de LeiriaPublication . Fernandes, Maria Eduarda; Gomes da Silva, Carlos; Gaspar Ferreira, Alcina; Febra, Lígia; Maurício Costa, JoãoA Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Leiria (CIMRL) é composta por 10 Municípios, com cerca de 287 mil habitantes (INE, 2022) e recolhe anualmente 123 022 toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos, dos quais apenas 17% são recolhidos de forma seletiva (INE, 2025). Neste contexto, e enquadrado no Projeto Embalagem do Futuro (PPS08), é importante compreender melhor os comportamentos e atitudes dos agregados familiares da CIMRL face à separação de embalagens usadas (plástico, metal/alumínio, vidro, cartão/papel e cápsulas de café). Tendo por base a Theory of Planned Behavior, uma das principais teorias usadas para compreender a complexidade do comportamento social humano, as normas morais e os valores pro-ambientais, foi realizado um inquérito online junto dos agregados familiares da CIMRL.
- Data-driven decisions: Artificial intelligence-based experimental validation of ocean ecosystem services scalePublication . Figueiredo, Ronnie; Cabral, PedroSeveral studies address the main topic of research, ecosystem services. It is also proven that decision-making in organizations generally involves a decision-maker, who assumes internal responsibility for the results. However, when the decision is collective, we need to think about the context of governance. How can we increase the sustainable decisions of ocean ecosystem services governance? When this decision is applied to ocean ecosystem services, in particular, we need a parameter. Therefore, the proposed scale is an initial guide for support key decision-makers decisions on the governance of ocean services ecosystems. The scale proposal with validation through classical linear regression, and supported by an artificial neural network, demonstrates the main variables that influence the decision and contribute to possible risk mitigations in terms of decisions.
- Determinants of default prediction of the tourism sector: the case of Portuguese SMEsPublication . Lisboa, Inês; Costa, Magali; Vouga, BeatrizThis study intends to understand the determinants of default of tourism SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises), i.e., which aspects impact the probability that the company will not comply with its financial obligations. For this purpose, a panel data composed from a sample of 3,945 Portuguese SMEs, over ten years, was analysed. An ex-ante criterion (based on a set of financial ratios) was used to classify firms in default or compliant. This criterion helps to detect financial problems early. Then, in addition to the firm’s specific characteristics, which are the most used determinants, governance variables and macroeconomic factors were analysed in the firm's default prediction logit model. Results prove that the three groups of determinants are relevant to explain firms’ financial difficulties probability. The proposed model presents a success rate (predictive ability to classify as compliant and default) of around 80%. Furthermore, as a test of the robustness of the results, the sample period was divided into two subperiods (2010 to 2014 and 2015 to 2019) with different investment rates in the sector, allowing the conclusion that what determines the default of SMEs in the Portuguese tourism sector depends on the period analysed.
- Host-guest interactions as a key to enhancing tourists WOM communication about Mediterranean destinationsPublication . Gomes, Dora; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Ferreira, Alcina GasparHost communities play diverse roles in tourism, from suppliers to ‘place ambassadors’, enriching the visitor experience with their local knowledge and hospitality. While recognising these advantages, gaps in understanding the overall impact of positive host-guest interactions on destination success, through word-of-mouth (WOM), persist. This research studies the dynamics in resident-tourist interactions by examining how the social environment (reflected in residents’ friendliness) and emotional solidarity (sense of being welcome, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding), augment tourists' likelihood to share positive WOM, thus enhancing destination management strategies. This may be one of the first studies focused on WOM as an outcome of host-guest interactions, where recommendations on this specific area are given, to the Mediterranean region. An online survey was conducted among Portuguese who reported holidays in the Mediterranean region. Data was analysed using multiple linear regression modelling. Findings indicate that the perceived social environment, sense of being welcome, and sympathetic understanding on behalf of residents significantly and positively influence tourists’ WOM about the Mediterranean region. These results reinforce the importance of involving residents in destination management. First, as key points of contact with tourists, fostering positive interactions and promoting the destination through subsequent WOM. Additionally, residents' involvement in destination management allows them to control their interaction purposes, minimising negative impacts and strengthening their commitment to the destination. Effective tourism strategies should prioritise host-guest interaction, which could be central to the community-led tourism concept, benefiting both tourists and residents alike.
- How knowledge sharing mediates the effects of internal marketing on customer orientationPublication . Espírito Santo, Pedro Manuel do; Ferreira, Vítor Hugo Santos; Marques, Alzira Maria AscensãoA growing body of research has demonstrated the growing importance given to two areas of business management: internal marketing and knowledge management. Nevertheless, these seldom areas are considered together. This paper explores the importance of knowledge sharing as a mediating variable in the relationship between internal and external marketing. Thus, our research presents an investigation model where the influence of tacit knowledge sharing and explicit knowledge sharing are presented. The data of this research was collected from the employees of a company in the logistics sector, through a face-to-face questionnaire. The proposed research hypotheses were tested empirically through structural equation modeling (PLS-PM) with a bootstrapping procedure. The results demonstrate that internal marketing has a positive effect on knowledge sharing and, consequently, on customer orientation. In this sense, through this paper, managers can verify the importance of knowledge sharing (tacit and explicit) in leveraging the effects of internal marketing in customer orientation.
- The influence of knowledge management on the result of innovation of companies in the mold industriesPublication . Ferreira, Vítor Hugo Santos; Marques, Alzira Maria Ascensão; Espírito Santo, Pedro Manuel do; Silva, Sara Fernandes daIn today's business world, knowledge and innovation are key factors for the success of organizations. Knowledge stock alone does not generate a competitive advantage to companies, but the way it is used might create it. It is through the wide network of relationships that involves the organization that innovations emerge. These two concepts are intertwined, since for the innovation process to be successful, there must first be an effective knowledge management, which involves knowledge acquisition, application and sharing. In this context and based on a sample of 36 companies in the mold making sector in Portugal (one industry where Portugal is the 8th top producer in the world), a confirmatory research work was carried out with the aim of studying the impact of knowledge management on innovation performance. For this purpose, we used a quantitative methodology based on a survey. Through the estimation of a structural equations model, using SmartPLS software, we found that knowledge acquisition has a positive influence on knowledge sharing, which in turn is positively reflected in its application, which positively impacts innovation in performance in Portuguese plastic injection mold making companies-these results are in line with similar studies carried out in different contexts. Consequently, knowledge, considered as an intangible asset, must be managed effectively and efficiently, in order to create value through innovation, a determinant of competitiveness in an activity sector that creates customized solutions for its customers. Despite of the small sample size, these results highlight the importance of effectively managing the acquisition.
- Model testing – decision-making on capacity expansion in family businesses. Evidence from PortugalPublication . Nemes, Kinga; Lisboa, Inês; Konczos-Szombathelyi, MártaThis paper aims to test and validate a model of internal factors influencing the capacity expansion decisions of family businesses, thereby helping these organizations better understand their decision-making processes. The identified internal factors include socio-emotional wealth, intergenerational cooperation, and a heterogeneous top management team. The study focuses on family businesses in the Portuguese food industry and employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. A structured online questionnaire, completed by 150 respondents, was analyzed using SPSS. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted to confirm the quantitative findings and provide a broader conceptual perspective. The results indicate that both qualitative and quantitative analyses support the proposed model.
- Quitters from Hospitality Industry: Misfit or Just Looking for Better Conditions?Publication . Lopes, Ana Sofia; Sargento, AnaAfter the COVID-19 crisis, a considerable contraction emerged in the labor supply of the hospitality industry. This investigation aims to identify some factors that justify the intention behind an ex-worker in tourism changing their occupation. In particular, we investigate if the change is motivated by skill mismatches or by a willingness to find more stable and rewarding jobs. Several datasets were combined to obtain multilevel information on all the unemployed from the hospitality industry between September 2022 and August 2023. A probit model was used to estimate the intention to change occupation, considering different personal, regional and occupational characteristics. Our results demonstrate that, for overqualified individuals, the intention to change occupation is motivated by trying to find better conditions and not by the mismatch per se. In contrast, the underqualified are significantly affected by the mismatch, which make them more vulnerable. Generally, movers are significantly influenced by the odds of having higher job stability and better wages (especially higher overtime premium) and are more frequently younger and higher educated individuals. Therefore, employers and policymakers should promote better wages, job stability, training, and career progression opportunities to reduce turnover in the hospitality industry.
- Reverse vending machines in the circular economy: A bibliometric analysis of an underexplored enabler (2003–2023)Publication . Fernandes, Maria Eduarda; C., João MaurícioDeposit Refund Systems (DRS), particularly Reverse Vending Machines (RVM), have emerged as promising tools to foster recycling and close material loops, thus advancing the principles of the circular economy. Yet, the evolution of academic discourse concerning such incentives within the framework of circular economy practices remains an underexplored gap, which justifies a comprehensive analysis such as the one conducted in this study. Through a bibliometric approach, this research explores the evolution of the theme over time (from 2003 to 2023). Drawing on a sample of 755 articles, the results indicate a growing academic interest in the subject, particularly after 2017, driven by global policy shifts and the increasing relevance of circular economy principles. Results also underscore the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable waste management, advocating for the integration of policy frameworks, technological innovations, and financial incentives to achieve long-term sustainability goals. However, the potential of RVM as key enablers in closing material loops, due to their role in material recovery and sustainable waste management, is not sufficiently treated. This highlights not only a gap in the existing literature, but also a missed opportunity to fully explore the transformative potential of RVMs in advancing circular economy goals.
- The Role of Host-Guest Interactions in Remote Work-Driven Tourism DevelopmentPublication . Gomes, Dora; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Ferreira, Alcina Gaspar; Almeida, JoãoDigital nomadism, characterised by location-independent work and enabled by digital technologies, represents a promising path for destinations seeking to revitalise their economies and attract new residents, associated to their quality of life, welcoming communities and interesting leisure and tourism proposals. This study examines the interplay between digital nomads and local communities by examining host-guest interactions, their influence on perceived quality of life, and the evolving attitudes of residents towards tourism development. In-depth interviews with residents from a low-population density rural area and representatives from the local Destination Management Organization (DMO) were conducted. The findings from this case study provide valuable insights into how rural communities can manage and benefit from the growing trend of ‘remote working tourism', while also addressing potential challenges related to cultural integration, economic disparities, and community cohesion.