ESECS - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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Percorrer ESECS - Artigos em revistas internacionais por Domínios Científicos e Tecnológicos (FOS) "Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde"
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- Characterization of speed fluctuation and drag force in young swimmers: A gender comparisonPublication . Barbosa, Tiago M.; Costa, Mário J.; Morais, Jorge E.; Morouço, Pedro; Moreira, Marc; Garrido, Nuno D.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Silva, António J.The aim of this study was to compare the speed fluctuation and the drag force in young swimmers between genders. Twenty-three young pubertal swimmers (12 boys and 11 girls) volunteered as subjects. Speed fluctuation was measured using a kinematical mechanical method (i.e., speedo-meter) during a maximal 25-m front crawl bout. Active drag, active drag coefficient and power needed to overcome drag were measured with the velocity perturbation method for another two maximal 25 m front crawl bouts with and without the perturbation device. Passive drag and the passive drag coefficient were estimated using the gliding decay velocity method after a maximal push-off from the wall while being fully immersed. The technique drag index was also assessed as a ratio between active and passive drag. Boys presented meaningfully higher speed fluctuation, active drag, power needed to overcome drag and technique drag index than the girls. There were no significant gender differences for active drag coefficient, passive drag and passive drag oefficient. There were positive and moderate-strong associations between active drag and speed fluctuation when controlling the effects of swim velocity. So, increasing speed fluctuation leads to higher drag force values and those are even higher for boys than for girls.
- Implemented Data Mining and Signal Management Systems on Spontaneous Reporting Systems’ Databases and their Availability to the Scientific Community - A Systematic ReviewPublication . Lima, Luis Miguel de Almeida Vieira; Nunes, Nuno Goncalo Sales Craveiro; Dias, Pedro Goncalo Pires da Silva; Marques, Francisco Jorge BatelAdverse drug reactions’ spontaneous reporting systems are an important element in worldwide pharmacovigilance, gathering potentially useful information for post-marketing drug safety surveillance. Data mining and signal management systems, providing the capability of reading and interpreting these systems’ raw data (data that has not been subjected to processing or any other manipulation), improve its analysis process. In order for this analysis to be possible, both data mining and signal management systems and raw data should be available to researchers and the scientific community. The purpose of this work was to provide an overview of the spontaneous reporting systems databases reported in literature as having implemented a data mining and signal management system and the implementation itself, evidencing their availability to researchers. A systematic review was carried out, concluding that they are freely provided to researchers within institutions responsible for maintaining the spontaneous reporting systems, but not to most researchers within the scientific community.
- Physical activity and affect of the elderly: Contribution to the validation of the Positive and Negative Affect Shedule (PANAS) in the Portuguese populationPublication . Antunes, Raul; Couto, Nuno; Vitorino, Anabela; Monteiro, Diogo; Marinho, Daniel A.; Cid, LuísThe concept of affect corresponds to the emotional dimension of subjective well-being (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). It is represented by two dimensions (negative affect and positive affect), which were the basis of the development of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). It was translated and validated for the Portuguese population by Galinha and Pais-Ribeiro (2005b). Nevertheless, because the Portuguese version was not validated in a sample of Portuguese elderly, the goals of this study consisted in the translation of the scale (PANAS) from the original version of 20 items and the validation of its measurement model (including a shortened version) for a sample of Portuguese elderly (n = 311), aged 60 years or older (M = 68.53; DP = 6.69); it was then tested by a confirmatory factorial analysis. The results demonstrated that the measurement model (two factors and 10 items) of the shortened Portuguese version of the PANAS presented acceptable psychometric qualities, which adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (factorial weights ranging between .57 and .70 in positive affect and between .52 and .68 in negative affect). We also concluded that older adults who practice more physical activity perceive higher levels of positive affect F(2, 297) = 3,78, p < .05; η2 = .025, and lower levels of negative affect F (2, 297) = 6.24, p < .001; η2 = .040).
- Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability - A Systematic ReviewPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João P.; Martins, Alexandre D.; Matos, Rui; Ferreira, José PedroThe practice of physical exercise (PE), especially strength training (ST), has health benefits in the healthy population; however, the literature is scarce in the recommendations related to the population with intellectual disability (ID). This study represents the first analysis on the topic and aims to examine the structure and efficacy of ST experimental intervention programs in individuals with ID. This systematic review was carried out between January and April 2021, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 166 studies, eight were included in the present systematic review. The studies included a total of 280 individuals (18.23 ± 2.86 years old). The main features of the exercise programs are: 12 weeks average duration, three weekly sessions of 45–60 min, six to seven exercises targeting the main muscle groups, two to three sets, 6–12 repetitions, and avoiding free weights for safety reasons. The main results showed increments in strength, balance and fat-free mass and decrements in fat mass and waist circumference. It is a useful guideline for PE technicians to prescribe and adjust correctly in order to not only promote physical fitness, but improve the quality of life of individuals with ID.
- Quantification of Maximal Force Produced in Standard and Contra-Standard Sculling in Synchronized Swimming. A Pilot StudyPublication . Diogo, V.; Soares, S.; Tourino, C.; Carmo, C.; Aleixo, I.; Morouço, P.; Figueiredo, P.; Vilas-Boas, J. P.; Fernandes, R. J.Studies carried out in synchronized swimming are very scarce, namely those which include biomechanical analysis of the sculling technique. The purpose of this study was to measure the maximal force produced in standard and contra-standard sculling, using a 30s maximal tethered synchronized swimming test. One former female synchronized swimmer and one former female swimmer performed a 2x30s maximum intensity tethered synchronized swimming test, in standard and contra-standard sculling conditions, respectively. Parameters studied were maximal, mean and minimum force, the time when maximal and minimum force occurred, and fatigue index. Results showed that the higher values of maximal and mean force were found in standard sculling, both for the synchronized swimmer and the swimmer. The swimmer attained higher values of absolute and relative maximal force in the standard sculling, but lower values in the contra-standard technique, when compared to the synchronized swimmer. Fatigue Index results evidence that the maximal force declined during the 30s in both participants and in both sculling conditions. This parameter was higher for the contra-standard sculling performed by the swimmer, and for the standard sculling for the synchronized swimmer. In conclusion, there were differences in force production in standard and contra-standard sculling between a swimmer and a synchronized swimming. Those differences could probably be explained by differences in skill competence.
- The relationship between coaches’ interpersonal behaviors, basic psychological needs, behavioral regulation, and intentions towards sport persistencePublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Teixeira, Diogo S.; Morales-Sanchéz, Veronica; Chica-Merino, Encarnación; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Jacinto, MiguelThis study investigates the relationships between coaches’ need-supportive and need-thwarting behaviors, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation, intentions to continue, and athletes sport persistence. A total of 518 athletes (212 male, 306 female), 18 to 32 years (M = 23.18, SD = 4.19), participated in the study, with participants from football (n = 179), basketball (n = 166), and swimming (n = 173). A structural equation model and a mediation model were performed to understand the associations between motivational factors based on self-determination theory and a 2-year sport persistence assessment. Intentions to continue sport practice accounted for 12% of the variance related to sport persistence in the structural equation model. The mediation model did not reveal any direct effects for need-supportive or need-thwarting behaviors towards sport persistence. However, significant indirect paths were identified in the bright side of the model. Total indirect effect of the need-supportive behaviors in the model was β = .14 (CI95% = .26, .37) while for need-thwarting behaviors was β = −.05 (CI95% = −.11, −.01) towards sport persistence, indicating a positive mediation process. Coaches by being perceived as need-supportive may increase athletes’ intention to continue participating in sport, and consequently sport persistence.
- Relationship between Postural Reeducation Technique During Sleep and Relaxation Technique in Sleep QualityPublication . Desouzart, Gustavo; Filgueiras, Ernesto; Matos, RuiThe common sense warn that the quality of our day depends on the quality of our previous night. Among the main factors contributing to a better sleep quality is the postural behavior during the sleep period. However, little or nothing is known about the actual influence of these behaviors on people sleep quality. This paper presents a study which aims to: i) Check if people can take on a new postural behavior during the sleep period after a training period aware of this behavior and; ii) Check if a postural recommendations can aims to induce positive changes in the perception on the indices of Sleep quality in young adults, according to ecological and environmental approach. A sample of 21560 observations, which corresponds to 595 hours of sleep hours of 24 young adults, 12 male military and 12 female undergraduate, participated in this study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the perception of sleep quality before and after six consecutive months of appliance of the Postural Intervention program. Results shown that the Postural reeducation group improved self-perception of sleep quality (from bad to good) and a significant difference between the periods of the study (p = 0.008), according to the Student's T-Test and, ideal posture while sleeping using the ideal placement and amount of pillows (1.34% to 81.48%). Findings of this study allow us to suggest to health care professionals, in particular the rehabilitation professionals, new strategies and solutions for ergonomic change in posture in bed and improve the sleep quality indices.
- Significant bivariate correlations: to be or not to be?Publication . Morouço, PedroJust like in many other fields of research, sport sciences use statistics to infer about the associations between variables. For example, aiming to examine the relationship between squat jump with sprint running velocity has brought several experiments, demonstrating a strong to very strong association between variables (e.g., Sleivert & Taingahue, 2004; Wisløff et al., 2004). From there on, there have been researchers proposing training programs for improving the squat jump, and consequently, the sprint running (e.g., Chelly et al., 2009). While this example seems unanimous, other emerging ideas may be questionable.
- Strength Training versus Stretching for Improving Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPublication . Afonso, José; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Moscão, João; Rocha, Tiago; Zacca, Rodrigo; Martins, Alexandre; Milheiro, André A.; Ferreira, João; Sarmento, Hugo; Clemente, Filipe Manuel(1) Background: Stretching is known to improve range of motion (ROM), and evidence has suggested that strength training (ST) is effective too. However, it is unclear whether its efficacy is comparable to stretching. The goal was to systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of ST and stretching on ROM (INPLASY 10.37766/in-plasy2020.9.0098). (2) Methods: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted in October 2020 and updated in March 2021, followed by search within reference lists and expert suggestions (no constraints on language or year). Eligibility criteria: (P) Humans of any condition; (I) ST interventions; (C) stretching (O) ROM; (S) supervised RCTs. (3) Re-sults: Eleven articles (n = 452 participants) were included. Pooled data showed no differences between ST and stretching on ROM (ES = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.55 to 0.12; p = 0.206). Sub-group analyses based on risk of bias, active vs. passive ROM, and movement-per-joint analyses showed no between-protocol differences in ROM gains. (4) Conclusions: ST and stretching were not different in their effects on ROM, but the studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of design, protocols and populations, and so further research is warranted. However, the qualitative effects of all the studies were quite homogeneous.