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- Será a dislexia uma vantagem? Um olhar diferente sobre a diferençaPublication . Mangas, CatarinaA dislexia é uma Dificuldade de Aprendizagem Específica associada, essencialmente, a fragilidades ao nível da competência leitora, embora se reconheçam outros obstáculos que decorrem desta perturbação. Os aspetos negativos são, aliás, os que se encontram de forma mais explícita nas investigações levadas a cabo nesta área. No entanto, sabemos que a dislexia é responsável pela promoção de um pensamento divergente, que potencia capacidades suplementares face aos seus pares sem dislexia, trazendo múltiplos benefícios à vida diária. O estudo procurou conhecer as conceções de adultos com dislexia sobre os fatores positivos que lhe estão associados, tendo-se seguido, para o efeito, um paradigma qualitativo e um estudo de tipo exploratório-descritivo. Os participantes, 17 adultos com diagnóstico de dislexia, de várias idades e distintos percursos pessoais, académicos e laborais, responderam a um inquérito por questionário, com questões essencialmente abertas. Os textos recolhidos através desse instrumento foram dissecados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, focando-se o presente artigo na quarta categoria de análise e respetivas subcategorias (Aspetos positivos associados à Dislexia – Estratégias de Superação; Vantagens). Os resultados obtidos reiteram a perspetiva identificada na literatura, uma vez que, para estas pessoas, a dislexia se tornou, maioritariamente, uma característica com consequências nefastas. Ainda assim, os participantes consideram que a dificuldade lhes permitiu desenvolver capacidades importantes que, de outra forma, não teriam alcançado. São pessoas fortemente determinadas e motivadas, que se focam na procura das melhores soluções para alcançar os resultados pretendidos, através de estratégias para o controlo da ansiedade e manutenção da atenção/concentração nas tarefas, fatores úteis a um desempenho académico ou profissional de qualidade.
- The Impact of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Respiratory Function: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Flores, Gonçalo; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Fonseca, Hélder; Monteiro, Diogo; Silva, Fernanda M.; Couto, Nuno; Silva, Ana Maria; Vilas-Boas, João PauloBackground: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Portugal, with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) being one of the most performed surgeries in cardiothoracic centers. After cardiac surgery, patients often experience a decrease in physical capacity, which results in an increased risk of mortality or hospitalization expenditures. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize changes in respiratory function in patients undergoing CABG. Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Web of Science, Pubmed, SCOPUS, and Sport Discus were searched using a predefined research strategy to identify relevant original studies published until August 2025. To be included, studies must have assessed adult patients submitted to CABG who evaluated the respiratory function before and after cardiac surgery. Studies that reported other types of cardiac surgery were excluded. The Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of-Exposure and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials were used to analyze the risk of bias of the selected studies. Results: After screening 1184 potential articles, six studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included participants who underwent CABG (n = 324), with a mean age ranging from 54.05 ± 13.6 to 67 ± 10 years. Conclusions: All included studies reported significant postoperative reductions in respiratory function following CABG, including forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. Although these findings consistently indicate a decline in pulmonary function, the limited number of available studies limits the strength of the conclusions. This systematic review suggests that monitoring respiratory impairments after CABG may be clinically relevant to improve health-related quality of life.
- Casamento e cuidados com o cônjuge com demência: um estudo transcultural Brasil-PortugalPublication . Garcia, Camila Rodrigues; Falcão, Deusivania Vieira da Silva; Pimentel, LuísaEste estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar o significado de casamento e do cuidado com o cônjuge na perspectiva de esposas cuidadoras brasileiras e portuguesas de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Participaram da pesquisa 12 mulheres sendo a amostra obtida por conveniência, utilizando-se a técnica snowball. Foram utilizados um questionário e uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado sendo os dados analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados destacaram que apesar das diferenças culturais entre Brasil e Portugal, alguns significados referentes ao casamento e ao cuidado com o cônjuge no contexto da DA, foram semelhantes para as esposas brasileiras e portuguesas. A despeito das mudanças conjugais relacionadas à demência, a maioria das esposas sentia-se bem executando seu papel de cuidadora, talvez, porque dentre outras variáveis, essa seja uma tarefa tradicionalmente cultural e esperada para ser desenvolvida por mulheres de ambos os países.
- The Interaction Between Intra-Cyclic Variation of the Velocity and Mean Swimming Velocity in Young Competitive SwimmersPublication . Barbosa, T.; Morouço, Pedro G.; Jesus, S.; Feitosa, W.; Costa, M.; Marinho, D.; Silva, A.; Garrido, N.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the intra-cyclic variation of the horizontal velocity (dv) and the velocity of the 4 competitive swimming techniques in young swimmers. 45 young swimmers performed a set of maximal 4 × 25 m (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfl y stroke) swims with in water start. A speed-meter cable was attached to the swimmer’s hip. The dv and the swimming velocity were analyzed. Within-subject tests presented signifi cant variations in the dv based on the swimming technique. Post-hoc test revealed signifi cant diff erences across all pairwised swimming techniques (P < 0.001), except for the comparison between freestyle and backstroke (P = 0.98). The dv was higher in the breaststroke, followed by the butterfl y, the backstroke and the freestyle. The quadratic models had the best goodness-of-fi t and the lower error of estimation for the relationship between the dv and the swimming velocity in all swimming techniques (0.24 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.51). As a conclusion, there is a non-linear relationship where the increase of swimming velocity leads to a decrease of dv in young competitive swimmers.
- Reimagining Urban Futures: Perspectives on Cultural, Environmental and Digital TransitionsPublication . Chamusca, Pedro; Carmo, André; Almendra, Ricardo; Pereira, Patrícia
- Strength Training versus Stretching for Improving Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPublication . Afonso, José; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Moscão, João; Rocha, Tiago; Zacca, Rodrigo; Martins, Alexandre; Milheiro, André A.; Ferreira, João; Sarmento, Hugo; Clemente, Filipe Manuel(1) Background: Stretching is known to improve range of motion (ROM), and evidence has suggested that strength training (ST) is effective too. However, it is unclear whether its efficacy is comparable to stretching. The goal was to systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of ST and stretching on ROM (INPLASY 10.37766/in-plasy2020.9.0098). (2) Methods: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted in October 2020 and updated in March 2021, followed by search within reference lists and expert suggestions (no constraints on language or year). Eligibility criteria: (P) Humans of any condition; (I) ST interventions; (C) stretching (O) ROM; (S) supervised RCTs. (3) Re-sults: Eleven articles (n = 452 participants) were included. Pooled data showed no differences between ST and stretching on ROM (ES = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.55 to 0.12; p = 0.206). Sub-group analyses based on risk of bias, active vs. passive ROM, and movement-per-joint analyses showed no between-protocol differences in ROM gains. (4) Conclusions: ST and stretching were not different in their effects on ROM, but the studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of design, protocols and populations, and so further research is warranted. However, the qualitative effects of all the studies were quite homogeneous.
- Investigating the invasiveness of Eucalyptus globulus in Portugal: site-scale drivers, reproductive capacity and dispersal potentialPublication . Deus, Ernesto; Silva, Joaquim S.; Larcombe, Matthew J.; Catry, Filipe X.; Queirós, Luís; Santos, Patrícia dos; Matias, Hugo; Águas, Ana; Rego, Francisco C.Plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. have expanded rapidly over the last four decades across temperate parts of the globe. There has been growing concern about the potential invasiveness of this species. Portugal grows more E. globulus than any other country (by area). This study investigates poorly understood factors that may influence wilding establishment and spread from Portuguese plantations. We assessed: site-scale factors influencing the presence and abundance of E. globulus wildlings along plantation edges, as well as the size and reproductive state of these wildlings; and the dispersal distances and developmental state of wildlings away from the plantations edge. We found 1630 E. globulus wildlings in 129 survey plots (10 × 10 m) established along the edge of 67 plantations. Half of the surveyed wildlings were taller than 1.3 m. The presence and abundance of E. globulus wildlings was mainly influenced by factors such as soil cover, the age of mother-trees and their reproductive output. Around 8% of the surveyed wildlings were reproductive, including wildlings less than 1.3 m tall. The proportion of reproductive wildlings was mainly influenced by wildling size, the location relative to the plantation edge and the annual number of frost days. In 49 survey transects outside plantations we found 641 E. globulus wildlings up to a distance of 76 m. Establishment distance was associated with natural drainage lines and the dominant wind direction. We discuss the relevance of the results in terms of the potential invasiveness of E. globulus.
- The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsPublication . Afonso, José; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Morouço, Pedro; Sarmento, Hugo; Inman, Richard A.; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoBackground: Post-exercise (i.e., cool-down) stretching is commonly prescribed for improving recovery of strength and range of motion (ROM) and diminishing delayed onset muscular soreness (DOMS) after physical exertion. However, the question remains if post-exercise stretching is better for recovery than other post-exercise modalities. Objective: To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of supervised randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of post-exercise stretching on short-term (≤1 h after exercise) and delayed (e.g., ≥24 h) recovery makers (i.e., DOMS, strength, ROM) in comparison with passive recovery or alternative recovery methods (e.g., low-intensity cycling). Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020222091). RCTs published in any language or date were eligible, according to P.I.C.O.S. criteria. Searches were performed in eight databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Meta-analyses used the inverse variance random-effects model. GRADE was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results: From 17,050 records retrieved, 11 RCTs were included for qualitative analyses and 10 for meta-analysis (n = 229 participants; 17–38 years, mostly males). The exercise protocols varied between studies (e.g., cycling, strength training). Post-exercise stretching included static stretching, passive stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Passive recovery (i.e., rest) was used as comparator in eight studies, with additional recovery protocols including low intensity cycling or running, massage, and cold-water immersion. Risk of bias was high in ~70% of the studies. Between-group comparisons showed no effect of post-exercise stretching on strength recovery (ES = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.54–0.39; p = 0.750; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.531) when compared to passive recovery. In addition, no effect of post-exercise stretching on 24, 48, or 72-h post-exercise DOMS was noted when compared to passive recovery (ES = −0.09 to −0.24; 95% CI = −0.70–0.28; p = 0.187–629; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.165–0.880). Conclusion: There wasn't sufficient statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis that stretching and passive recovery have equivalent influence on recovery. Data is scarce, heterogeneous, and confidence in cumulative evidence is very low. Future research should address the limitations highlighted in our review, to allow for more informed recommendations. For now, evidence-based recommendations on whether post-exercise stretching should be applied for the purposes of recovery should be avoided, as the (insufficient) data that is available does not support related claims. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020222091.
- Characterization of speed fluctuation and drag force in young swimmers: A gender comparisonPublication . Barbosa, Tiago M.; Costa, Mário J.; Morais, Jorge E.; Morouço, Pedro; Moreira, Marc; Garrido, Nuno D.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Silva, António J.The aim of this study was to compare the speed fluctuation and the drag force in young swimmers between genders. Twenty-three young pubertal swimmers (12 boys and 11 girls) volunteered as subjects. Speed fluctuation was measured using a kinematical mechanical method (i.e., speedo-meter) during a maximal 25-m front crawl bout. Active drag, active drag coefficient and power needed to overcome drag were measured with the velocity perturbation method for another two maximal 25 m front crawl bouts with and without the perturbation device. Passive drag and the passive drag coefficient were estimated using the gliding decay velocity method after a maximal push-off from the wall while being fully immersed. The technique drag index was also assessed as a ratio between active and passive drag. Boys presented meaningfully higher speed fluctuation, active drag, power needed to overcome drag and technique drag index than the girls. There were no significant gender differences for active drag coefficient, passive drag and passive drag oefficient. There were positive and moderate-strong associations between active drag and speed fluctuation when controlling the effects of swim velocity. So, increasing speed fluctuation leads to higher drag force values and those are even higher for boys than for girls.
- Self-selected Recovery in High-intensity Interval Training Promotes Positive Responses in Affect, Pleasure, and Mood in Young PeoplePublication . Sant’Ana, Leandro; Vianna, Jeferson Macedo; Travassos, Bruno; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Teixeira, Diogo; Scartoni, Fabiana Rodrigues; Dias, Amandio; Antunes, Raul; Rodrigues, Filipe; Matos, Rui; Machado, Sérgio; Monteiro, DiogoIntroduction: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with self-selected recovery can promote positive emotional responses. This study aimed to verify the acute responses to HIIT with fixed recovery and to select high scorers on the state of affect, enjoyment, and mood in healthy young people. Methods: Nineteen participants took part in the study (19.0±1.0 years, 64.0±9.2 kg, 169.1±8.5, and 22.0±2.0 BMI). They performed 10 x 30 s (95% V peak ) with 1 min recovery (HIIT RecA - active - 40% V peak ) and self-selected (HIIT Rec-B ). Affect, enjoyment, and mood were assessed before and after HIIT (both conditions). Results: In both conditions, for time 1 and 2 were positive in positive ( p =.170, EF: .102) and negative ( p =.0.90, EF: .151) affect, pleasure ( p =.010, EF: .315), and mood domains (tension: p <.001, EF: .673; depression: p =.015, EF: .286), anger: p =.033, EF: .230, and mental confusion: p <.001, EF: .451). In contrast, there was a reduction in the vigor domain and an increase in fatigue, with no differences in all emotional variables for condition and time*condition ( p >.05). Conclusion: Thus, selected self-recovery may be a strategy in prescribing HIIT with possibilities of not interfering with the emotional aspects, researched here.