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- The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsPublication . Afonso, José; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Morouço, Pedro; Sarmento, Hugo; Inman, Richard A.; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoBackground: Post-exercise (i.e., cool-down) stretching is commonly prescribed for improving recovery of strength and range of motion (ROM) and diminishing delayed onset muscular soreness (DOMS) after physical exertion. However, the question remains if post-exercise stretching is better for recovery than other post-exercise modalities. Objective: To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of supervised randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of post-exercise stretching on short-term (≤1 h after exercise) and delayed (e.g., ≥24 h) recovery makers (i.e., DOMS, strength, ROM) in comparison with passive recovery or alternative recovery methods (e.g., low-intensity cycling). Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020222091). RCTs published in any language or date were eligible, according to P.I.C.O.S. criteria. Searches were performed in eight databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Meta-analyses used the inverse variance random-effects model. GRADE was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results: From 17,050 records retrieved, 11 RCTs were included for qualitative analyses and 10 for meta-analysis (n = 229 participants; 17–38 years, mostly males). The exercise protocols varied between studies (e.g., cycling, strength training). Post-exercise stretching included static stretching, passive stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Passive recovery (i.e., rest) was used as comparator in eight studies, with additional recovery protocols including low intensity cycling or running, massage, and cold-water immersion. Risk of bias was high in ~70% of the studies. Between-group comparisons showed no effect of post-exercise stretching on strength recovery (ES = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.54–0.39; p = 0.750; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.531) when compared to passive recovery. In addition, no effect of post-exercise stretching on 24, 48, or 72-h post-exercise DOMS was noted when compared to passive recovery (ES = −0.09 to −0.24; 95% CI = −0.70–0.28; p = 0.187–629; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.165–0.880). Conclusion: There wasn't sufficient statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis that stretching and passive recovery have equivalent influence on recovery. Data is scarce, heterogeneous, and confidence in cumulative evidence is very low. Future research should address the limitations highlighted in our review, to allow for more informed recommendations. For now, evidence-based recommendations on whether post-exercise stretching should be applied for the purposes of recovery should be avoided, as the (insufficient) data that is available does not support related claims. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020222091.
- Lab Brazil: Parquear Bando digital annotation: on digital scores for collective performance interventions in public spacesPublication . Rosa, Thembi; Fernandes, CarlaParquear Bando is an urban intervention designed for up to 20 people to perform in urban city centres. While describing this urban intervention and analysing parts of the material available in the online pilot publication, we will discuss the limits and potentialities of a digitization process for this improvised performance. We question whether it would be possible to use digital annotations as support for future performances of this collective action without the physical presence of its facilitators but still maintaining the main concerns and principles of Parquear Bando. The three-day workshop shares the intervention’s most common structure and composes a performance to be shown in a selected place of each city. During the Motion Bank Lab Brazil 2019, we started to create a digital archive for the workshop with the aim of finding a consistent documentation model using video annotations, recording interviews and digitizing some of the choreographers’ notebooks. Beyond the digital archive of this urban intervention, we are also interested in making the score and movement principles of this piece available to other groups who could perform Parquear Bando in different contexts.