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- Analysis of the importance and value of price in the demand of a tourism destinationPublication . Bento, Carla; Jiménez Caballero, José Luis; Almeida, PauloTourism sector companies use Revenue Management practices, namely dynamic pricing techniques to address issues such as seasonality, fixed inventory or perishability. Customers are aware of these practices and look for the best Value for Money they can get in their purchases. The concept of value has a quite relevant dimension. And the price is not only perceived as a number, a negative factor or resource consuming, it is many times a sign that advises customers on quality and value and, for this reason, absolute price is one of the most important attributes in value perception (Ceylana et al., 2014) and price perception. Literature has focused largely on the management side of pricing strategy, specifically on Revenue Management practices. In what concerns customers literature has focused its attention on the acceptation of those practices, price fairness, and the attributes and less on how the price itself is perceived, how expectation is affected and how it affects choice and purchase decisions, that is on price perception. It is fundamental to understand how consumers perceive prices and what factors influence those perceptions. How do prices influence demand? How do consumers judge destination prices when making choices? How does that judgement affect their buying intentions? Methodology: a theoretical framework will be developed relating the variables of price, Revenue Management, service, perceived value, e-WOM and purchase behaviour, that will allow an investigation on how Lisbon tourists evaluate price. Results may help companies, namely hotels, to improve their pricing and positioning strategies, keeping themselves competitive and profitable, and keeping customers happy. This investigation is still in an early and exploratory stage; therefore, this communication will present the first approach to the theme.
- The impact of the web summit on hotel performance: the case of LisbonPublication . Bento, Carla; Jiménez Caballero, José Luís; Almeida, PauloDynamic pricing is a response to fluctuations in demand for a product or service making it possible for hospitality companies to have a better performance. Demand generators such as events have a heavy impact in hospitality performance because they create demand that otherwise would not occur. Portugal has seen an exponential growth in tourism in the past years and major events play an important role in investment decisions, both private and governmental. The Web Summit is an annual technology event held in November. Lisbon has been the chosen city for the past three years, 2019 making it the fourth. Literature has focused its attention mostly on the impact of cultural or sports events, such as the Olympics, revealing positive long-term impacts on performance. It is fundamental to understand what the exact impact of these type of events – business fairs – have in the local economy in order to justify investments. Methodology: daily data collected from STR allow for a comparative study between hotel performance before and after the Web Summit. We compare the 3 years prior to the event and the last three years of the event, taking place in Lisbon. The sample size is 63 hospitality companies that range from Economy to Upper Midscale Class and data of ARD, RevPAR and Occupancy. Results show that on the dates of the event ADR and RevPAR increase 115% and occupancy 21% when compared to the previous year. However, on the third year of the event, 2018, these numbers do not see the same increase and remain somewhat similar to the previous year, 2017. This shows that there is major impact on hotel performance justifying the interest governments and other tourism agencies have in attracting these types of events.
- Turismo cultural e criativo através de estratégias de animação turística: os eventos locaisPublication . Amorim, Daniela Ramos; Jiménez, José Luís; Almeida, PauloO turismo tem tido um grande impacto na economia mundial, assumindo um importante enfoque a nível cultural, social, educativo, antropológico e económico. A cultura, considerada por vários autores um pilar fundamental na atividade turística, tem permitido um crescimento continuo e rápido do turismo num contexto mundial em larga expansão. O setor turístico associado à cultura designando-se por “turismo cultural” tem apresentado uma evolução evidente no turismo em geral (Cooper et al, 2007, p. 172). Baseado, maioritariamente, na visita a recursos patrimoniais edificados, o turismo cultural tem evoluído para um novo paradigma na oferta turística, surgindo uma crescente aposta nos recursos intangíveis (como as tradições, lendas, gastronomia, entre outros). Nesta aposta inclui-se o turismo criativo, uma forma de turismo cultural que “assenta maioritariamente em recursos intangíveis, subentende uma participação ativa (co-criação) e efetiva do turista em atividades de aprendizagem, lúdicas, culturais e artísticas (…), sendo cada vez mais os recursos intangíveis e endógenos um fator de promoção e diferenciação dos destinos turísticos” (Richards, 2009, Carvalho, 2011, in Santos, Carvalho e Figueira, 2012, p. 1561). Nestas vertentes turísticas, o património e as artes surgem como estratégias metodológicas essenciais, promovendo atrações diferenciadas nas ofertas turísticas, regenerando criativa e artisticamente os destinos turísticos. E, os festivais e vários eventos locais têm tido um papel fundamental na promoção do turismo cultural e criativo fomentando assim um maior desenvolvimento das regiões. De acordo com os temas abordados, no âmbito do Doutoramento em Turismo - Turismo, Desenvolvimento e Cooperação, Faculdade de Turismo e Finanças, Universidade de Sevilha, o artigo que se propõe pretende apresentar um estudo comparativo, em curso, sobre o contributo das artes performativas em contexto de festival no desenvolvimento turístico local Os dois festivais em análise são o Festival Andanças, em Portugal, e o Festival Internacional de La Sierra, em Espanha, recorrendo-se a instrumentos de recolha de informação para análise quantitativa (questionário) e qualitativa (entrevista).
- The impact of performing arts festivals on tourism development: analysis of participants' motivation, quality, satisfaction and loyaltyPublication . Amorim, Daniela; Jiménez-Caballero, José Luis; Almeida, PauloThe festivals have had a very positive impact on tourism development, and on the promotion of destinations, they are positioned as important attractive elements that boost tourism in the several regions, as well as its economic and cultural development. This study aimed to analyse the motivation, quality, satisfaction and loyalty of two performing arts festivals participants (Andanças, Portugal and La Sierra, Spain). It followed a quantitative methodology, and questionnaires were applied to the participants of the events under analysis. The results of the test-t indicate that La Sierra festival participants (n=235), compared to Andanças festival participants (n=297), perceive the festival as having more quality (catering, hotel, information and transport), and are more faithful to the festival (even if prices increase). The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the needs and perceptions of participants who practice festival tourism, particularly in performing arts festivals, supporting the manager's strategies in organising this type of event.
- Motivation and tourists' loyalty in performing arts festivals: the mediator role of quality and satisfactionPublication . Amorim, Daniela; Jiménez-Caballero, José Luís; Almeida, PauloFestival tourism has been growing considerably over the years, acquiring a prominent position and with strong popularity in society. Festivals and/or events promote a cultural exchange at international, national and local levels, with the opportunity for cultural sharing, from history and tradition, culinary and drinks, music and dance, involving all publics (organization, services, artists, participants and local inhabitants). Festivals are recognized as an effective strategy for host destinations promoting economic, social and cultural development. The present study aims to test the mediator role of quality and satisfaction in the relationship between the motivation in the choice of performing arts festivals and the loyalty of the tourists. The sample consisted of 532 respondents, collected at two performing arts festivals: Andanças festival (Portugal) and La Sierra festival (Spain). The results of the study show that tourists motivated to attend performing arts festivals, tend to perceive the festival as having quality, and are satisfied with the service, which in turn tend to revisit and recommend the festival. The study discusses the implications of the obtained results. It also presents limitations and suggests future studies.
- La Imagen de un Destino Turístico a través del patrimonio cultural: Modelo teórico para aplicar en QuitoPublication . Álvarez, Gabriela; Jiménez, José Luis; Almeida, Paulo; Velásquez, DorisLa presente investigación se centra en determinar como el patrimonio cultural influye en la imagen de Quito como un destino turístico considerando que, “la imagen del destino forma parte integral de todo el proceso de consumo (…)” (MacInnis & Price citado en Traverso, 2007, p.34). Y esto a su vez influye en el desarrollo de la actividad turística, siendo la Ciudad poseedora de un legado artístico, cultural e histórico de gran relevancia donde se conjugan aspectos materiales e inmateriales, por lo que, fue declarado como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad en el año de 1978. Por lo tanto, el estudio se focaliza en determinar aspectos relevantes dentro del turismo que nos lleven a comprender al patrimonio cultural, realizando una recopilación de información desde las partes bibliográficas, con la finalidad de encontrar información teórica. Sobre todo para conocer la conceptualización desde el turismo, patrimonio cultural y destino turístico y, como estos pueden aportar para la satisfacción del turista al momento de regresar o recomendar a la ciudad de Quito como destino turístico.
- Mini-review of paper motivation and tourists' loyalty in performing arts festivals: the mediator role of quality and satisfactionPublication . Amorim, Daniela; Jiménez Caballero, José Luís; Almeida, PauloEvents, such as festivals of an artistic nature, have stood out in recent years, making important contributions in the tourism sector. Festivals can constitute channels of local, national and international cultural promotion, providing an experiential and relational exchange between individuals. This mini-review intends to reflect on the results obtained in the study presented in the article "Motivation and tourists' loyalty in performing arts festivals: the mediator role of quality and satisfaction". This study had as main focus the analysis of two performing arts festivals in Portugal and Spain, having as main research objective to perceive quality and satisfaction as mediating variables between motivation in the choice of performing arts festivals and the loyalty of participants. The survey was carried out by questionnaire, with a sample of 532 respondents. The results of the study revealed that the participants motivated to attend performing arts festivals, perceive the festival as having quality, leading to their satisfaction with the services provided and, consequently, loyalty to the event.