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- ABI1 and PP2CA Phosphatases Are Negative Regulators of Snf1-Related Protein Kinase1 Signaling in ArabidopsisPublication . Rodrigues, Américo; Adamo, Mattia; Crozet, Pierre; Margalha, Leonor; Confraria, Ana; Martinho, Cláudia; Elias, Alexandre; Rabissi, Agnese; Lumbreras, Victoria; González-Guzmán, Miguel; Antoni, Regina; Rodriguez, Pedro L.; Baena-González, ElenaPlant survival under environmental stress requires the integration of multiple signaling pathways into a coordinated response, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this integration are poorly understood. Stress-derived energy deprivation activates the Snf1-related protein kinases1 (SnRK1s), triggering a vast transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming that restores homeostasis and promotes tolerance to adverse conditions. Here, we show that two clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), established repressors of the abscisic acid (ABA) hormonal pathway, interact with the SnRK1 catalytic subunit causing its dephosphorylation and inactivation. Accordingly, SnRK1 repression is abrogated in double and quadruple pp2c knockout mutants, provoking, similarly to SnRK1 overexpression, sugar hypersensitivity during early seedling development. Reporter gene assays and SnRK1 target gene expression analyses further demonstrate that PP2C inhibition by ABA results in SnRK1 activation, promoting SnRK1 signaling during stress and once the energy deficit subsides. Consistent with this, SnRK1 and ABA induce largely overlapping transcriptional responses. Hence, the PP2C hub allows the coordinated activation of ABA and energy signaling, strengthening the stress response through the cooperation of two key and complementary pathways.
- Ascertaining Restaurant Financial Sustainability by Analyzing Menu PerformancePublication . Gomes, Conceição; Malheiros, Cátia; Lima Santos, Luís; Campos, Filipa Alexandra Gomes deThe complexity of companies in the restaurant industry is clear, and various techniques can be used to make decisions. The analysis of performance and the optimization of restaurant menus are considered important, which is why several approaches can be used. The objective of this study is to achieve financial sustainability in the restaurant industry through menu performance analysis and identifying strategies to improve menu profitability. A qualitative methodology of a dual case study was adopted by comparing a restaurant within a hotel and a street restaurant. The results show that for restaurant owners and managers, these approaches are useful, simple, and pertinent for measuring the performance of the restaurant menu and consequently improving results. The originality of this research lies in the fact that three analysis models were applied simultaneously, allowing for an in-depth analysis of the profitability of the menus being analyzed. This study identified the most profitable items for each restaurant and the items that needed to be changed to contribute more to the profitability of the restaurant’s menu, resulting in practical implications. Through theoretical implications, this study corrects the limited knowledge about performance through the restaurant menu, creating a starting point for knowledge spreading to society. In conclusion, this research is one of the first to bridge the gap between theory and practice, taking several approaches to assess restaurant menu performances, which can be useful in restaurants to promote sustainability.
- Attitudes of Local Population Towards the Impacts of Tourism Development: Evidence From CzechiaPublication . Linderová, Ivica; Scholz, Petr; Almeida, NunoIncreasing the socio-economic effects caused by the tourism development in the local population, they adopt some attitudes according to the impacts directly or indirectly perceived. However, some of this impact can be considered positive or negative, according to different perspectives. The issue of the resident-tourist relationship has been much-discussed recently. Therefore, many case studies are being conducted that address the impacts on both residents and tourists. The goal of this manuscript is to analyze the attitudes of local residents to the development of tourism in the urban monument zone Předhradí. Primary data were collected in a questionnaire survey for residents who have a permanent residence in a municipality of Předhradí in 2020. In our research, we tried to identify the significant negative impacts of tourism development. In the same way, we evaluate how the locals see positive effects on their quality of life conducted with tourism development. The research finds out that local respondents perceived some negative impacts to increase the economic perspective, as they referred to in the higher traffic load or increased noise. The pandemic crises are perceived as a game-changer in the tourism industry. For that reason, we suggest the primary considerations for future research not only with the academic perfective as for the practical point of view. The local population’s entrepreneurship attitudes must be one of the tools to assume the resilience toward the tourism development impacts.
- Avaliação de parâmetros de cultivo de Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983 ao longo do desenvolvimento larvar e juvenilPublication . Salgado, Daniel Francisco; Leandro, Sérgio Miguel Franco Martins; Marques, Sónia Cristina FerreiraA presente dissertação teve como principal objetivo completar o ciclo de vida do camarão-de-fogo, de Lysmata debelius Bruce, 1983, em condições controladas de cativeiro, contribuindo para a sua domesticação e para o avanço da aquacultura ornamental. Para tal, foram definidos três eixos centrais de investigação: determinar o período até à obtenção de indivíduos com tamanho comercial, avaliar a influência da densidade de cultivo e da luz LED azul e branco (azul: 450-470nm e branco: 450-700nm) na sobrevivência e no assentamento larvar. Estes fatores são considerados determinantes para a definição de protocolos de cultivo eficientes e sustentáveis. Os resultados demonstraram que a sobrevivência larvar de Lysmata debelius foi fortemente influenciada pela densidade de cultivo, com melhores valores registados nas densidades mais baixas (90–140 larvas L-1. A taxa de assentamento não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre tratamentos. O tempo até ao primeiro assentamento foi mais curto nos ensaios sem luz (81,67 ± 2,31 dias), em comparação com aqueles conduzidos sob luz LED azul e branco (89,67–93,33 dias), embora sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Por outro lado, o tempo médio total até ao assentamento mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ausência de luz, situando-se entre 86,67 e 91,18 dias, face a 93,50–96,82 dias em presença de luz, sem efeito relevante da densidade. Finalmente, ao integrar as fases larvar e juvenil, estimou-se que o período total desde a desova até às dimensões do tamanho comercial (3 cm), variou entre 194 e 202 dias. Estes resultados, fornecem uma base sólida para a compreensão da biologia larvar de L. debelius, fundamental para a otimização dos protocolos de cultivo desta espécie e reforçam a necessidade de considerar múltiplos fatores ambientais e de manejo no desenho de sistemas produtivos. Do ponto de vista prático, esta investigação confirmou a viabilidade da produção sustentável desta espécie, abrindo caminho para reduzir a pressão sobre populações selvagens e responder à crescente procura do mercado. A consolidação de protocolos larvares e reprodutivos representa um passo essencial para a expansão da aquacultura ornamental, promovendo práticas mais responsáveis e ambientalmente sustentáveis, resultando numa menor dependência de exemplares capturados em populações naturais. Em forma conclusiva, este trabalho estabelece as bases para o cultivo controlado de Lysmata debelius, representando um contributo científico e aplicado relevante para a sua domesticação e para a consolidação da aquacultura ornamental como setor sustentável e inovador.
- Bibliometric Analysis of the Scientific Production in Cultural Tourism from 2010 to 2019 in EuropePublication . Caicedo Barreth, Alba; Santos Pavón, Enrique; Lima Santos, LuísThis paper provides a general review of cultural tourism as a research subject in the last decade in Europe. First, it defines the terminology and its dimensions. This is followed by the analysis of the scientific papers published in international journals between 2010 and 2019, available in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, to ensure the inclusion of high-impact studies according to the bibliometric quality index. Through the quantitative analysis of 625 WoS articles and 765 Scopus articles using bibliographic coupling, co-citation and co-occurrence analysis, this publication provides a significant overview of the terms involved or related to cultural tourism and the proposed clustering for each term. This paper concludes with a discussion of the main trends identified, their characteristics and possible changes over time
- Characterization of Selected Wild Mediterranean Fruits and Comparative Efficacy as Inhibitors of Oxidative Reactions in Emulsified Raw Pork Burger PattiesPublication . Ganhão, Rui; Estévez, Mario; Kylli, Petri; Heinonen, Marina; Morcuende, DavidIn the present study, water, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts from seven selected wild fruits originally from the Mediterranean area, namely, strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L., AU), azarole (Crataegus azarolus L., CA), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L., CM), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L., PS), dog rose (Rosa canina L., RC), elm-leaf blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott, RU), and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L., SA), were analyzed for the total amount and profile of phenolic compounds and for the in vitro antioxidant activity against the DPPH and ABTS radicals (study 1). The seven fruits showed different chemical compositions, which consequently led to different antioxidant potentials. Among the seven fruits initially analyzed, AU, CM, RC, and RU had the highest amount of phenolic compounds and displayed the greatest antioxidant activity in vitro. Extracts from these four fruits were tested as inhibitors of lipid oxidation in raw pork burger patties subjected to refrigerated storage at 2 °C for 12 days (study 2). The quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), hexanal content, and color stability were used as indicators of oxidative reactions. The four selected fruits displayed intense antioxidant activity against lipid oxidation, which highlights the potential usage of these fruits as ingredients for the manufacture of healthy meat products. Among them, RC and AU were particularly efficient as their protective effect against lipid oxidation was more intense than that displayed by quercetin (230 mg/kg of burger patty).
- Circular Economy and Sustainability: What Are They Saying About It? – A Literature ReviewPublication . Costa, Berta; Rodrigues, SusanaCircular economy (CE) and sustainability are two interrelated con- cepts that are increasingly gaining attention in the fields of business, economics, and environmental studies. Although both concepts share similarities as they both aim to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and promote sustainable development, they have predominantly been addressed sep- arately as two independent areas of knowledge, and continue to be ambiguous. Their relationship in literature has not been clarified, which may be obfuscating their overall usage. The aim of this article is to clarify the concepts of circular economy and sustainability, to examine how these two constructs have evolved in the last decades, and to identify their similarities and differences. In this regard a specific literature review was performed. For this purpose, 48 publications were identified, and a content analysis was conducted. Based on the aforementioned literature review, key findings relatively to circular economy and sustainability are presented.
- Co-Occurrence of ACSSuT and Cephalosporin Resistance Phenotypes Is Mediated by int1- Associated Elements in Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica from Human Infections in SpainPublication . Campos, Maria Jorge; Palomo, Gonzalo; Hormeño, Lorena; Ugarte, María; Porrero, María Concepción; Herrera-León, Silvia; Vadillo, Santiago; Píriz, Segundo; Quesada, AlbertoA screening of antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants has been performed on 300 Salmonella enterica isolates collected during 2004-2008 from human infections in Spain. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were the major serotypes, which were found with similar frequencies covering 80% of the bacterial collection. Salmonella Typhimurium isolates frequently shared low susceptibility to antimicrobials of the penta-resistance phenotype (ACSSuT) and/or cephalosporin resistance. The ACSSuT profile was found closely linked to int1-associated gene cassettes, with major elements carrying DNA fragments of 1.0 Kb (aadA2 gene) plus 1.2 Kb (blaPSE-1 gene) or 2.0 Kb (aadA1 and blaOXA-1 genes). Among these, ACSSuT and cephalosporin resistances were associated in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates expressing the blaOXA gene. β-lactamase activities were also detected from isolates carrying blaTEM, blaCMY, or blaSHV, although only the two last genes expressed extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The clonal analysis of S. enterica strains suggests that both horizontal and vertical transfer mechanisms are involved in the wide dissemination of their antimicrobial resistance.
- Country Performance Analysis of Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ResearchPublication . Cardoso, Lucília; Araújo, Arthur Filipe; Lima Santos, Luís; Schegg, Roland; Breda, Zélia; Costa, CarlosBased on tradition and high standards, Swiss higher education in tourism and hospitality is ranked among the best in the world. Although scientific research is the foundation of a coun-try’s higher education system, the Swiss Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Scientific Research (Swiss TL&HM-SR) has not yet been subject to a systematic analysis. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the Swiss TL&HM-SR performance, as well as identifying and discussing its most prominent topics. To this end, bibliometric data were gathered from the Scopus database and analyzed through a bibliometric mixed-method approach. Results provide a new performance indicator for the Swiss TL&HM-SR in this field of research, and show that innovation and sustainable destination management are particularly prominent topics within Swiss TL&HM-SR. In this context, contributions to these topics in particular are discussed in more detail. The findings provide useful insights for stakeholders aiming to improve sustainability performance through strategic management of destinations, as well as for researchers aiming to follow the latest trends, identify emerging topics and formulate more attractive projects for financing institutions. The study also provides a new and innovative methodological contribution, as it combines different methods of scientific research performance assessment, which can be further employed in other countries or knowledge areas.
- Destination Brand Experience: A Study Case in Touristic Context of the Peneda-Gerês National ParkPublication . Martins, Hugo; Carvalho, Paulo; Almeida, NunoBased on the scientific literature, this paper emphasises the destination brand experience (DBE) (multidimensional construct and second-order factor) in order to analyse the implications it plays regarding visitors’ satisfaction, their intentions to revisit and their intentions to recommend it. In terms of methodology, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the model and the research hypotheses. The sample was composed of 507 tourists who visited the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Northern Portugal. Results showed an acceptable fit. The items of each construct were very strong. Positive significant results were found for all the considered hypotheses, particularly regarding the association of sensory DBE and behavioural DBE (subdimensions of the DBE scale) with satisfaction. The sensory DBE and affective DBE subdimensions of the DBE scale were meaningfully associated with visitors’ intentions to recommend. Satisfaction was a strong mediator for sensory DBE impact on their intention to revisit and to recommend, and a less strong effect was found for satisfaction as a mediator for behavioural DBE impact on intentions to revisit and to recommend. The theoretical contribution of this study aimed to deepen the analysis of the DBE construct in its multidimensional aspect and its relationship with other constructs. The results are discussed in relation to their theoretical and practical relevance.