CARME - Comunicações em conferências com publicação em atas
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Browsing CARME - Comunicações em conferências com publicação em atas by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "10:Reduzir as Desigualdades"
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- Alternative heavy tailed models in seismologyPublication . Felgueiras, Miguel; Martins, João; Santos, RuiGreat earthquakes are commonly considered as the ones with moment magnitude (Mw ) above or equal to 8.0. Since these earthquakes can destroy entire communities located near the epicentre, the search of physical laws that explain the energy released by them is an important issue. There is a connection between the radiated energy of an earthquake, its magnitude and its seismic moment (M 0). Thence, when fitting a heavy or an extremely heavy tailed distribution to a seismic moment dataset, we are in fact adjusting a mathematical model which explains the amount of energy released by these great seisms. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to study the more appropriated Pareto based models (the most used family in this field) when explaining the seismic moment of the great earthquakes. With this purpose in mind, we selected two different catalogs that accommodate recent events and are considered more accurate than other catalogs used in previous works. We conclude that the traditional Pareto distribution remains a good choice to deal with this kind of data, but Log-Pareto lead to higher p-values and Location-scale Pareto is better fitted to the biggest events.
- Estimation of prevalence in rare disease using pooled samplesPublication . Martins, J. P.; Santos, R.; Felgueiras, M.The use of pooled samples for screening infected individuals is a known procedure to reduce costs. In an estimation problem, the aim is only to determine how many individuals are infected instead of determining who is infected (classification problem). In that setting, our goal was to compare the performance of using one or two-dimensional arrays. The best performance was established according to one of the following criteria: minimizing the number of individuals or the number of tests required to attain a certain estimate accuracy. It is observed that when we want to minimize the number of individuals used, the two-dimensional procedures have a little advantage over the one-dimensional procedures. However, when the major concern is the cost, the one-dimensional procedures clearly outperform the two-dimensional procedures.
- Sustainable tourism and the circular economy: A theoretical overviewPublication . Costa, Berta; Rodrigues, Susana; Moreno, PilarThe concept of sustainable tourism has become one of the most noteworthy topics among academics and practitioners and a hallmark in tourism discourse. During the last decades, tourism has developed into one of the largest socio-economic activities, and thus driving economic growth that most supports to the countries’ GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The world economic paradigm, and consequently the tourism industry, is configured according to the linear model of production and consumption, in which goods are discarded after usage, resulting in massive waste. Furthermore, the degrading impact of tourism, along with the assumption that natural resources are abounding, and that environment has unlimited means to absorb waste, need to be addressed without delay. Considering these premises, the principle of sustainable tourism arose with the objective of minimizing the negative effects of tourism related activities. From this standpoint, circular economy emerges as a solution, as it harmonizes economic development with the sustainable use of natural resources, and also enables the tourism industry to become more sustainable. The purpose of this article is to outline the conceptual dimensions of sustainable tourism and circular economy, and also scrutinize how these two constructs have evolved over the past decades and their correlation. A broad literature review was conducted, in order to draw attention to the constituent elements brought to discussion.