Percorrer por autor "Carreira, Pedro"
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- Adult workers in higher education: enhancing social mobilityPublication . Lopes, Ana Sofia; Carreira, PedroThe main goal of this paper is to verify if adult education can contribute to social mobility by analysing how the socioeconomic and professional background of the students affects dropout and graduation hazards in higher education
- COVID-19 impact on job losses in Portugal: who are the hardest-hit?Publication . Lopes, Ana Sofia; Carreira, PedroThe COVID-19 pandemic caused job losses to rise dramatically. Herein, the purpose of the article is to identify which personal and job characteristics make individuals more vulnerable or more resilient to COVID-19 unemployment in Portugal and thus to help policymakers, organizations and individuals themselves, in creating mechanisms to avoid unemployment within this new context.
- Determinants of academic performance of student-workers in higher educationPublication . Lopes, Ana Sofia; Carreira, PedroAlthough in recent years access to higher education in Portugal has expanded, there are still some people who interrupt their academic progression and enter the labour market not because of lack of skills but because of monetary constraints. Thus, returning to school is considered of great importance to mitigate this discrimination and reinforce workers’ qualification. Even though the determinants of academic performance have been deeply studied, the different characteristics, the lack of time and the multiple motivations of student-workers justify them to receive an independent treatment. Therefore, based on an extended set of observed attributes, which account for individual, degree and, for the first time to our knowledge, job characteristics, we develop two regression models to find the main determinants of the academic performance (measured by the final grade point average and by the completion time) of student-workers in higher education. We use a longitudinal dataset constituted by 332 student-workers that have enrolled in an undergraduate program at Leiria Polytechnic Institute (IPLeiria) in 2008 or 2009 and have completed it until 2015. The data was obtained by matching an internal dataset of IPLeiria with data from the Ministry of Education and Science, Portugal. The results show that student-workers who finish their degrees behave similarly to the non-worker students in their academic performance, but with different determinants explaining it. Parents’ education has a negative effect on final grade whereas higher previous qualifications, peer effects, better integration and higher average grades withindegree increase academic performance. The access regime and the field of study are also relevant, as well as self-employment, job-degree relation, private/public nature of the employer, and whether or not the job is qualified. We expect that our work contributes to develop policies that improve the success of student-workers and therefore increase the participation of workers in higher education.
- Direct Digital Manufacturing of NanocompositesPublication . Mohan, Saeed D.; Nazhipkyzy, Meruyert; Carreira, Pedro; Santos, Cyril dos; Davis, Fred J.; Mateus, Artur; Mitchell, Geoffrey R.Additive manufacturing has surged in popularity as a route to designing and preparing functional parts. Depending on the parts function, certain attributes such as high mechanical performances may be desired. We develop a route for improving the mechanical properties of polymer devices, fabricated through additive manufacturing by combining electrospinning and stereo-lithography into one automated process. This process utilises the impressive mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes by encapsulating and aligning them in electrospun fibres. Composite fibres will be incorporated into polymer resins prepared with stereo-lithography, thereby providing resins that benefit from the composite fibres properties, enhancing their overall mechanical properties.
- Does earnings quality impact firms’ performance? The case of Portuguese SMEs from the mold sectorPublication . Duarte, Ana Filipa; Lisboa, Inês; Carreira, PedroPurpose: This work aims to study the impact of earnings quality on firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach: An unbalanced panel data of 237 small and medium-sized Portuguese companies from the mold industry, using 2010-2018 yearly data was analyzed. While most studies focus only on earnings management when assessing earnings quality, in this study six proxies for earnings quality are used, namely accruals quality (a proxy for earnings management), earnings persistence, earnings predictability, earnings smoothness, earnings timeliness, and earnings conservatism. Moreover, two proxies of financial performance are considered, the return on assets and the economic value added. An econometric model was estimated using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects specification to account for the individual firm-specific effects and ensure heteroscedasticity corrected estimates. Findings: The results show that managers must be concerned with the quality of reported earnings, as it can affect positively firms’ financial performance, especially regarding accruals quality. Persistence, predictability, smoothness, timeliness, and conservatism are shown not to exert significant influence on financial performance in the sample. Research limitations/implications: This work contributes not only as a literature review on these thematic but also to firms’ managers and stakeholders, who have information that helps them select strategies that guarantee earnings quality and improve firms’ financial performance. Originality/value: We proposed an econometric model that studies the relationship between earnings quality (using several proxies for it) and financial performance that can be applied to all companies.
- Drivers of academic pathways in higher education: traditional vs. non-traditional studentsPublication . Carreira, Pedro; Lopes, Ana SofiaDropout rates in higher education (HE) are particularly high for nontraditional students which may be due to unadjusted educational policies. Considering as non-traditional the students who are employed at the enrolment moment and using a longitudinal database containing information on 5351 students from a Portuguese HE institution, an event history analysis approach is employed to distinguish the main drivers of graduation and dropout risks for traditional and non-traditional students and to test a set of research hypotheses. The results show significant differences between the two types of students, confirming the need of discretionary policies. For non-traditional students, policies that assist them in an early stage are shown to be of critical importance, for example by offering pre-enrolment preparatory courses or by joining them, in the classroom, with students with similar characteristics. For traditional students, providing solutions for financial limitations and promoting academic integration seem to be more effective.
- Employment variables and the work-study relation: a portuguese case studyPublication . Lopes, Ana Sofia; Carreira, Pedro
- High Efficiency Cooling and Heating Channels for Injection MouldingPublication . Freitas, Paulo; Santos, Cyril; Carreira, Pedro; Mateus, ArturFor many years traditional injection moulding has been the norm for obtaining polymer based products, and yet this cycle still shows potential for improvement. This paper will encompass the potential in the thermal part of the cycle, by introducing a novel approach to conventional tubular cooling designs, empowered by additive technologies this reiterates what’s being known as conformal cooling. Different geometries and techniques are compared to determine the optimal cross section layout of the fluid channels and inner surface of the moulding parts. If the cooling achieved is sufficiently fast the crystallographic growth of the material can be manipulated to obtain specific properties observable in the mesoscale. This however can be transversely applied in other heat exchanging structures in future studies.
- I. Film: Using Electrospinning to Create Bioactive FilmsPublication . Silva, António Raimundo; Carreira, Pedro; Santos, Cyril dos; Reis, Miguel; Mateus, ArturWith increasing competition between companies, they are increasingly striving to produce higher quality products and to improve their production processes, and the food industry is no different. In order to preserve food for longer, this type of company has dedicated its attention to intelligent packaging, capable of preserving food for longer and of acting as a sensor of the state of food. To develop a film capable of fulfilling the new ambitions of the companies various manufacturing processes have been studied. This document gives an overview of the electrospinning process, capable of producing nano-fibres of biological materials. This document aims to serve as a study base for the I.film project through the study of the process that will provide the polymer film with the necessary biological characteristics.
- Impact of earnings quality on company's performance: a literature reviewPublication . Duarte, Ana Filipa; Lisboa, Inês; Carreira, PedroPurpose: Stakeholders use financial information in their decision-making process. Although, if financial information lacks appropriate quality, stakeholders’ perceptions will be biased. Thus, understanding earnings quality is crucial. Earnings quality is linked with the thematic of earnings management, as managing earnings is likely to decrease their quality. More recently, the literature has turned its attention to the impact of earnings quality on company’s performance. This work aims to understand the characteristics of earnings quality and how can it be measured. Additionally, it plans to investigate the impact of earnings quality on company’s performance. Methodology: This work is a literature review about earnings quality and its impact on company’s performance. Seven characteristics of earnings quality are simultaneously considered: accruals quality, persistence, predictability, smoothness, value relevance, timeliness, and conservatism. Different measures of these characteristics are analyzed, by explaining the differences among them and identifying the specific cases when these characteristics can be used. Moreover, the impact of earnings quality on company’s performance is analyzed to investigate if low earnings quality has a negative impact on company’s performance. Different measures of performance/ratios are also addressed, both market-based and accounting-based. Findings: High earnings quality usually has a positive impact on performance since the investment and financing decisions are based on correct information, thus increasing company’s profits and value creation. The use of earnings management practices, or of other techniques that reduce earnings quality, increase the probability of financial distress, as decisions may not be accurate, and the company’s financial situation may be different from the one presented in the financial statements. Originality: This paper presents an in-depth study of earnings quality and its impact on company’s performance. Most studies focus on earnings management, or other specific characteristic of earnings quality, but in an isolated perspective. Few studies consider the seven characteristics of earnings quality simultaneously. This study addresses this caveat. Moreover, the impact of earnings quality on performance is also relevant, especially to stakeholders, for a better understanding of the company’s financial information and for better decision making that can increase the company’s value.
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