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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study

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dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Catia
dc.contributor.authorCarvalheiro, Helena
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana M.
dc.contributor.authorDias, Sara S.
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Andréa
dc.contributor.authorSantiago, Tânia
dc.contributor.authorCanhão, Helena
dc.contributor.authorBranco, Jaime Cunha
dc.contributor.authorSilva, José António Pereira da
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-11T10:55:01Z
dc.date.available2022-02-11T10:55:01Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractSummary Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, but its prevalence is unknown in adult Portuguese population. In Portugal, 66% of adults present Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Winter, living in Azores, older age, and obesity were the most important risk factors. It highlights the need of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in Portugal. Objective To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in the adult Portuguese population. Methods Adults (≥ 18 years old) from the EpiReumaPt Study (2011–2013) were included. Standardized questionnaires on sociodemographic and lifestyle features were obtained. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were evaluated using ADVIA Centaur VitD competitive immunoassay (Siemens Healthineers) in 2015–2017 as 25 (OH)D Level 0: ≤ 10 ng/mL; Level 1: 11–19 ng/mL; Level 2: 20–29 ng/mL, and Level 3: ≥ 30 ng/mL. Weighted multinomial regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between socio-demographic and lifestyle variables and vitamin D status. Results Based on weighted analysis, the estimated prevalence of levels of 25(OH)D ≤ 10, < 20, and < 30 ng/mL was 21.2, 66.6, and 96.4%, respectively. The strongest independent predictors of serum 25 (OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL were living in the Azores archipelagos (OR 9.39; 95%CI 1.27–69.6) and having the blood sample collection in winter (OR 18.53; 95%CI 7.83–43.87) or spring (11.55; 95%CI 5.18–25.74). Other significant predictors included older age (OR 5.65, 95%CI 2.08–15.35), obesity (OR 2.61; 95%CI 1.35–5.08), current smoking (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.23–4.43), and female gender (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1–3.28). Conversely, physical exercise (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.28–0.81) and occasional alcohol intake (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.29–0.81) were associated with a lower risk of 25(OH)D ≤ 10 ng/mL. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml] is highly prevalent in Portugal, affecting > 60% of all Portuguese adults, with strong geographical and seasonal variation. This study highlights the need to critically assess the relevance of vitamin D deficiency as a public health problem and the urgent need for a wide and scientifically robust debate about the most appropriate interventions at the individual and societal levels.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationDuarte, C., Carvalheiro, H., Rodrigues, A. M., Dias, S. S., Marques, A., Santiago, T., Canhão, H., Branco, J. C., & da Silva, J. A. P. (2020). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study (Archives of Osteoporosis, (2020), 15, 1, (36), 10.1007/s11657-020-0695-x). Archives of Osteoporosis, 15(1), [55]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00728-1pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11657-020-00728-1pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1862-3514
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/6653
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherSpringerpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11657-020-0695-xpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin Dpt_PT
dc.subjectPrevalencept_PT
dc.subjectPortugalpt_PT
dc.subject25-hydroxyvitamin Dpt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D deficiencypt_PT
dc.subjectVitamin D insufficiencypt_PT
dc.titlePrevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based studypt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleArchives of Osteoporosispt_PT
oaire.citation.volume15pt_PT
person.familyNameDias
person.givenNameSara
person.identifier.ciencia-idAA1F-9375-B5E6
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6782-7481
person.identifier.ridI-9965-2018
person.identifier.scopus-author-id33367487300
rcaap.rightsclosedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa49e0bc6-cfea-4033-aebf-a1ef9e4c5e7b
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya49e0bc6-cfea-4033-aebf-a1ef9e4c5e7b

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