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Influence of commensal bacteria on the proteolytic and antigenic profiles of INFOGEST-like digested wheat gliadin

2026-07-06Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorPereira-Costa, Flávio
dc.contributor.authorDomingues, Vanessa S.
dc.contributor.authorRoque, Ana
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Zaida L.
dc.contributor.authorCruz, Pedro F.
dc.contributor.authorCordeiro, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorTrindade, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorMoura, Carla
dc.contributor.authorMelo, Joana B.
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Sónia G.
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Daniela C.
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-16T09:56:56Z
dc.date.available2026-07-16T09:56:56Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-06
dc.descriptionArticle number - 1842801.
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy developed by genetically predisposed individuals when exposed to gluten. Gluten gliadins, along with gut microbiota, may influence CeD onset and progression through mechanisms that remain unclear. Methods: Gliadin-degrading bacterial isolates obtained from CeD patients, and their 1st-degree relatives’ stool and blood were identified (Bacillus tropicus, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus sp., Cronobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens) and used in an INFOGEST-like protocol to simulate gliadin digestion after 4 h (digested gliadin, d-gliadin). The d-gliadin digesta were analyzed by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and polyclonal and monoclonal (R5 and G12) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results and discussion: In the absence of the bacterial isolates, gliadin is poorly digested and self-assembles within 1 day into intermediate and large protein oligomers/aggregates, enriched in β-sheet structure (FTIR amide I band between 1,600 and 1,700 cm−1) and able to bind thioflavin T and Congo red. Conversely, in the presence of the bacterial isolates, gliadin is further digested, leading to an increase in protein fragments. After 4 h, the P. aeruginosa, C. sakazakii, and B. tropicus d-gliadin digesta presented a mixture of d-gliadin peptides and aggregates that showed higher antigenicity (associated with the exposure of the 5-amino acid QQPFP and 6-amino acid QPQLPY epitopes, present in the 25-mer and 33-mer, respectively) than control digestions (without bacteria), while E. faecalis led to lower antigenicity. In turn, within 24 h of incubation, all bacterial isolates led to the formation of undigested material with lower antigenicity, either due to fewer 33-mers and 25-mers in solution, or to fragment aggregation into amorphous material, not exposing antigenic sequences. Hence, intestinal flora may enhance or diminish the antigenicity of gliadin, thereby modulating the immunogenic response to gliadin/gluten.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES) to Vanessa S. Domingues (UI/BD/150925/2021), Ana Roque (doi:10.54499/UI/BD/151038/2021), Carla Moura (doi: 10.54499/CEECINST/00077/2021/CP2798/CT0004), Sónia G. Pereira (doi: 10.54499/CEECINST/00051/2018/CP1566/CT0004), ciTechCare (doi: 10.54499/UIDB/05704/2020), LSRE-LCM (doi: 10.54499/UIDB/50020/2020 and doi: 10.54499/UIDP/50020/2020), ALiCE (doi: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020), and CDRsp (doi: 10.54499/UIDB/04044/2020 and doi: 10.54499/UIDP/04044/2020).
dc.description.sponsorshipNota: projeto não associado, sem correspondência: (doi: 10.54499/CEECINST/00077/2021/CP2798/CT0004).
dc.identifier.citationPereira-Costa F, Domingues VS, Roque A, Almeida ZL, Cruz PF, Cordeiro R, Trindade D, Moura C, Melo JB, Pereira SG and Vaz DC (2026) Influence of commensal bacteria on the proteolytic and antigenic profiles of INFOGEST-like digested wheat gliadin. Front. Microbiol. 17:1842801. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1842801
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2026.1842801
dc.identifier.eissn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16608
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relationFatores biopsicossociais da doença celíaca: impactos e relações
dc.relationCenter for Innovative Care and Health Technology
dc.relationLaboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials
dc.relationALICE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering
dc.relationCentre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development
dc.relationCeliac Disease: intestinal microbiome influence in gluten immunity
dc.relationLaboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials
dc.relationMicrobiology Advancing Health: Microbiome-Autoimmunity Interplay and the Artificial Intelligence of Infection Prevention and Control
dc.relationCentre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1842801/full
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectalpha-gliadin
dc.subjectantigenic gliadin fragments
dc.subjectceliac disease
dc.subjectgliadin-degrading bacteria
dc.subjectINFOGEST in vitro digestion
dc.subjectprotein aggregates
dc.subjectproteolytic cleavage
dc.subjectanti-gliadin ELISA
dc.titleInfluence of commensal bacteria on the proteolytic and antigenic profiles of INFOGEST-like digested wheat gliadineng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
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oaire.awardTitleFatores biopsicossociais da doença celíaca: impactos e relações
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oaire.awardTitleLaboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials
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oaire.awardTitleCeliac Disease: intestinal microbiome influence in gluten immunity
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oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16606
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oaire.citation.endPage14
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oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Microbiology
oaire.citation.volume17
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