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- SPACEE Protocol: “Spiritual Care Competence” in PAlliative Care Education and PracticE: Mixed-Methods Research in the Development of Iberian GuidelinesPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Benito, Enric; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Dones, Monica; Specos, Marcela; Querido, AnaSpiritual care requires understanding the spiritual experiences of patients and recognizing their resources and needs. Therefore, educators and practitioners should develop their knowledge and understanding in this regard. Spiritual care helps people overcome their anxieties, worries, and suffering; reduces stress; promotes healing; and encourages patients to find inner peace. To provide comprehensive and appropriate care while upholding human/ethical virtues, the spiritual dimension must be a priority. We aim to develop spiritual care competence guidelines for Palliative Care (PC) education and practice in Portugal and Spain. The study detailed in this protocol paper will include three phases. In phase I, the phenomenon will be characterized and divided into two tasks: (1) a concept analysis of “spiritual care competence”; and (2) a systematic review of interventions or strategies used to integrate spiritual care in PC education and practice. Phase II will entail a sequential explanatory approach (online survey and qualitative interviews) to deepen understanding of the perceptions and experiences of educators, practitioners, and patients/family carers regarding spiritual care in PC education and practice and generate ideas for the next steps. Phase III will comprise a multi-phased, consensus-based approach to identify priority areas of need as decided by a group of experts. Results will be used to produce guidelines for integrating spirituality and spiritual care competence within PC education and practice and synthesized in a white book for PC professionals. The value of this improved examination of spiritual care competence will ultimately depend on whether it can inform the development and implementation of tailored educational and PC services. The project will promote the ‘spiritual care’ imperative, helping practitioners and patients/family carers in their preparedness for End-of-Life care, as well as improving curricular practices in this domain.
- Promoting ecological hope as an antidote for eco-emotions and earth-related mental syndromesPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Marujo, Helena Águeda; Charepe, Zaida; Querido, AnaIn this opinion paper, the authors discuss the impact of the climate crisis in the field of mental health, which has generated widespread clusters of eco-emotions and so-called ‘psychoterratic’ syndromes [i.e., Earth-related mental syndromes] (Ágoston et al., 2022; Cianconi et al., 2023; Stanley et al. 2021). We then consider how ecological hope can be seen as the current manifestation of the responsibility and reconciliation between humans and our common home: earth. Restoring habitats and biological communities is urgent, and we must foster both the well-being of the earth and humanity through ecological restoration. We end by outlining practical steps to promote ecological hope in education for sustainable development.
- Death Unpreparedness Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Concept AnalysisPublication . Costeira, Cristina; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Querido, Ana; Rocha, Ana; Vitorino, Joel; Santos, Cátia; Laranjeira, CarlosThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed changes upon the capacity of healthcare systems, with significant repercussions on healthcare provision, particularly at end-of-life. This study aims to analyze the concept map of death unpreparedness due to the COVID-19 pandemic, capturing the relationships among the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical indicators. Walker and Avant’s method was used to guide an analysis of this concept. A literature search was performed systematically, between May 2022 and August 2023, using the following electronic databases on the Elton Bryson Stephens Company (EBSCO) host platform: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Cochrane Library, and Nursing and Allied Health Collection. Thirty-four articles were retrieved. The unexpected and unpredictable impositions associated with inexperience and unskillfulness in dealing with COVID-19 configured challenges for healthcare professionals, family/caregivers, and even the dying person. Nine key attributes emerged in three main domains: (1) Individual: (a) disease-related conditions, (b) separation distress, and (c) scarcity of death and grief literacy; (2) Relational: (a) Dying alone, (b) poor communication, and (c) existential issues; and (3) Contextual: (a) disrupted collective mourning and grieving, (b) disrupted compassionate care and, (c) pandemic social stigma. This study contributed a full definition of death unpreparedness in a global pandemic scenario such as COVID-19. In this sense, feeling unprepared or unready for death brought new challenges to the bioecological resources of those affected. It is essential to embrace strategies capable of providing emotional and spiritual support in the dying process and to respect patient wishes. The lessons learned from COVID-19 should be applied to events with a comparable impact to minimize their consequences.
- Assertiveness Training of Novice Psychiatric Nurses: A Necessary ApproachPublication . Laranjeiro, Carlos António; Querido, Ana IsabelThe statement “assertiveness is both a skill and a choice” is a popular expression in nursing. Being assertive is a core communication skill, which can be learned like many other skills. Appropriate communication skills are critical for novice psychiatric nurses, helping them develop competency for acute care and recovery. The notion of assertiveness has been extensively used in the nursing literature and has been established as a key approach for avoiding adverse occurrences in health care, boosting patient safety (Omura, Levett-Jones & Stone, 2019). Lazarus (1973, cited in Pipas & Jaradat, 2010) identified specific classes of assertive responses, namely the ability to deny a client’s requests, to make requests of the client, to express positive and negative feelings, and to initiate and hold a conversation.
- Entrevista MotivacionalPublication . Tomás, Catarina; Valentim, Olga; Laranjeira, Carlos; Querido, Ana
- Digital Storytelling: Art-Based Pedagogy to Improve Professional Development for NursesPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Carvalho, Paula; Querido, AnaDigital storytelling (DST) is a collaborative and participatory art-based approach based on experiential narratives. This column provides strategies and tips for using DST. As part of continuing education, DST training should provide information about health care experiences to enhance learning for nurses. The use of DST can foster self-knowledge and professional identity.
- Psychological Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Portuguese and Swiss Higher-Education Students: Protocol for a Mixed Methods StudyPublication . Querido, Ana; Aissaoui, Djamel; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Schwander-Maire, Françoise; Cara-Nova, Tanya; Charepe, Zaida; Laranjeira, CarlosHigher-education students are particularly vulnerable to both everyday stressors and mental health problems. Public health emergencies may generate a range of unforeseen potential stressors for vulnerable individuals and communities. The current pandemic has apparently led to an increase in psychiatric symptoms among these students. Objective: The goal of this study is to characterize the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Portuguese and Swiss higher-education students. Methods: This project will use a mixed methods sequential explanatory design in Portugal and Switzerland, with two consecutive phases. During Phase I, a quantitative study will assess the psychological responses of higher-education students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenience sampling method will be used for collecting information from students. The association between variables will be determined with univariable and multivariable analyses. During Phase II, qualitative data will be collected in order to understand the determinants of psychological stress and the strategies adopted by students as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify their opinions and feelings about the teaching-learning process during quarantine. In this phase, participants will be selected using a maximum-variation sampling method. Data from focus group discussions will be coded and inductively analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Finally, quantitative and qualitative results will be merged during interpretation to provide complementary perspectives. Results: This paper describes and discusses the protocol for this mixed methods study, which will be completed in December 2021. This study was formally approved by the local ethics committee (CE/IPLEIRIA/22/2020) in Portugal and authorized by the Swiss Association of Research Ethics Committees, swissethics (CER-VD-2020-02889). Conclusions: This research can contribute to the development of teaching tools and methods that reinforce positive mental health strategies, hope, and adaptive coping among students, and to the development of a class on mental health interventions in the context of catastrophic and traumatic events. This project will also help government stakeholders as well as health and education professionals safeguard the psychological well-being of students facing an expanding COVID-19 pandemic.
- Psychometric properties of the revised illness perception questionnaire for people with alcohol use disorder in PortugalPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Querido, Ana; Valentim, OlgaThe revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) is an instrument used to evaluate illness perceptions. The IPQ-R uses components of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model of illness representation. It has been used broadly in different contexts and cultures, presenting variable psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the IPQ-R in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Methods: Methodological study. The sample consisted of 304 inpatients with AUD. Data collection took place from February 2018 to January 2019. The validity and reliability of the instrument were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: Cronbach’s α values were consistently higher than 0.57. Factor analysis of the IPQ-R items revealed that the Portuguese version reflects the original structure. The seven-factor construct explained 68.56% of the total variance. Conclusion: The IPQ-R showed statistically satisfactory levels of reliability and validity. In psychiatric and mental health nursing, the use of the IPQ-R can be suggested for planning personalized care, which involves recognizing and addressing illness perceptions among people with AUD. Further work is needed to develop the confirmatory factor analysis of the IPQ-R.
- Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 PandemicPublication . Laranjeira, Carlos; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Querido, AnaGlobally, the COVID-19 outbreak had an adverse effect on higher education students’ mental health and psychological well-being. This study aims to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression and associated factors in a sample of students in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the predictive effect of mental health status on coping. The sample was collected between March and July 2020 and included 392 higher education students in Portugal. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey that included an information form, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. The prevalence of mild-to-extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress was 24.2%, 32.7% and 33.4%, respectively. About 60% of the sample had poor coping abilities. Masters students, participants older than 30 years and female participants had significantly greater resilient coping compared to undergraduate students and younger and male participants (p < 0.05). Resilient coping correlated negatively with depression, anxiety and stress. The regression analysis showed that age together with overall levels of depression, anxiety and stress explained 16.9% of the variance in coping. The results should inform the implementation of interventions to mitigate the impact of psychological distress and promote mental health.