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- Exploring the Relationship Between Wall Drop Punt Kick and Catch (Tripela Sports) Performance and Manipulative Tests of the Motor Competence Assessment Battery in Early AdolescentsPublication . Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Lopes, Nataniel; Costa, Pedro; Jacinto, Miguel; Rodrigues, Filipe; Antunes, Raul; Coelho, Luís; Ibáñez, Sergio J.; Estevan, Isaac; Monteiro, DiogoOur aim in this study was to analyze associations between the two manipulative tests of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) battery and the Wall Drop Punt Kick & Catch (WDPK&C) motor task. One hundred and twelve early adolescents (60 boys; 52 girls; M age = 12.67, SD = 1.78 years) participated. Overall, strong correlations were found between the WDPK&C and the MCA manipulative tests, either separately (r = .802 for kicking, r = .762 for throwing) or collectively (r = .835). In boys, correlations between WDPK&C and MCA kicking (r = .722) and MCA throwing (r = .754) were similar. In girls, MCA kicking was more closely related to WDPK&C performance (r = .612) than MCA throwing (r = .330). These results reinforce the possible use of WDPK&C as a gross manipulative coordination test, either by itself or when integrated into motor competence batteries.
- Sports experience, affects and life satisfaction in Portuguese athletes with disabilitiesPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Couto, Nuno; Vitorino, Anabela; Bento, T.; Matos, Rui; Monteiro, Diogo; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Cid, LuisThis study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86 for positive affect and 0.89 for negative affect) for people with disabilities and to examine the association between engaging in physical activity and affective responses, investigating the relationship with satisfaction with life. 143 Portuguese with disabilities filled in the Portuguese version of the scales. The findings endorsed the single factorial structure and reliability of the Satisfaction with Life Scale [χ2/df = 6.3, B-S p = 0.487, TLI = 0.989, CFI = 0.995, SRMR = 0.0263, RMSEA = 0.043 (CI = 0,0.130)]. For Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the results also confirmed the factorial structure and reliability [χ2/df = 1.871, B-S p = 0.114, TLI = 0.891, CFI = 0.918, SRMR = 0.0778, RMSEA = 0.078 (CI = 0.048, 0.108)]. On the other hand, the structural model presented satisfactory fit to the data [χ2/df = 1.436, B-S p = 0.269, TLI = 0.917,CFI = 0.930, SRMR = 0.0748, RMSEA = 0.055 (CI = 0.033, 0.075)]. Significant direct effects have been found, as has been theoretically proposed, namely: years of practice displayed a positive and significant association with positive affect; positive affect was positively associated with satisfaction with life (β = 0.073, CI = 0.020, 0.139; p = 0.031).
- Editorial: Towards a psychophysiological approach in physical activity, exercise, and sports, volume IIIPublication . Forte, Pedro; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Monteiro, Diogo; Portella, Daniel Leite
- Motor Competence and Sports Practice in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study in GymnasticsPublication . Quito, Geraldine; Jacinto, Miguel; Amaro, Nuno; Monteiro, Diogo; Matos, Rui; Diz, Susana; Mira, Tânia; Antunes, RaulThe practice of physical activity, exercise, and sports brings various benefits to the general population. However, a few intervention programs involving physical activity and sports have been specifically designed for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of implementing a sports program based on gymnastics (specifically trampolines) on the motor skills of children with ASD. The program ran from September to May 2024 (8 months duration) using the Motor Competence Assessment Battery (MCA) as an evaluation tool. It included three typically developing children and three children with ASD, all aged between 4 and 5 years. The program sessions lasted 45 min and took place twice a week. The MCA Battery was administered to assess motor skills before and after the intervention. After the intervention program, significant differences were found only between moments in the Shuttle Run test (pre-intervention ≠ and post-intervention; Bonferroni correction: t = −2.00; p = 0.043; w = 0.33). Based on these results, we can conclude that practicing a sports program based on gymnastics (namely trampolines) can contribute to improving the motor skills of children with ASD.
- The effects of a 24-week exercise intervention and detraining on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Monteiro, Diogo; Coelho, Luís; Diz, Susana; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, RaulObjetive Regular physical exercise can promote physical fitness, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, increase independence and success in daily activities, and promote quality of life for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). On the one hand, if this exercise practice is discontinued or interrupted, the associated beneficial effects can be lost. This study aimed to examine possible changes in body composition and physical and functional fitness variables after regular practice of a physical exercise program, as well as after the same period of detraining. Materials and Methods This study followed a quasi-experimental methodology of 6 months of physical exercise, followed by 6 months of interruption. The sample consisted of 10 individuals with IDD, with an average age of 43.2 years (SD = 9.47). Weight, body mass index, handgrip, Timed Up and Go and Sit to Stand were assessed at initial intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results Participants improved in all variables after the intervention program, but only significantly in the handgrip test (Bonferroni corrected: t = 1.05; p = 0.019; W = 0.21). After 6 months without regular exercise, the participants showed a decline in physical and functional fitness variables, but only in handgrip significantly (p = 0.044). Conclusions Although there are some gains from physical exercise program, there seems to be a loss of these gains after the end of the program. It is therefore recommended to avoid the period of detraining, which is fundamental to promoting the benefits of exercise, healthy ageing, independence, success in carrying out activities of daily living and quality of life.
- Assessment of Isokinetic Strength of Knee Extension/Flexion of Individuals With Intellectual Developmental Disabilities—Systematic Review With Protocol ProposalPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Caseiro, André; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Campos, MJ; Matos, Rui; Ferreira, José Pedro; Gomes, Beatriz BranquinhoMuscle performance is a crucial determinant of physical function in the daily lives of individuals with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD), with lower strength levels often leading to loss of independence. The isokinetic dynamometer has been established as a reliable method for assessing muscle performance in this population. This article outlines the design of a protocol to be adopted to assess isokinetic knee strength in individuals with IDD. Using systematic review methodology, electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases, including articles published between January 1990 and September 2022. The key terms were combined with the Boolean operator “AND” or “OR”. After the methodological process, 23 studies were included for analysis. The protocol proposal consists of 8 phases, covering previous considerations: (a) warm-up, (b) familiarization; (c) equipment adjustment, choosing the limb to evaluate and in what type of action (concentric and/or eccentric); (d) number of repetitions and sets; (e) the rest duration; (f) angular velocity to be tested; and (g) parameters for analysis. It is intended that this article provide insights into the development of a useful tool for the various stakeholders interested in assessing the isokinetic knee strength of individuals with IDD.
- Design and validity of an instrument - run cross hopping throw and catch (rcht&c) test for assessing motor competence in athleticsPublication . Lopes, Nataniel; Monteiro, Diogo; Matos, Rui; Ibáñez Godoy, Sergio JoséThe aim of this study was to design and validate a tool for assessing motor competence (MC) and detecting talent in children aged between 6 and 10 years in athletics. Ten experts were carefully selected to collaborate in the validation. Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used, respectively, to check for construct's validity and to reliability. Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was calculated as a complementary test. Additionally, the Aiken's V value was used to validate the tool. ICC (0.855) and Cronbach's alpha (0.922) showed acceptable reliability and consistency, respectively, and Lin's CCC (0.786) indicated excellent reproducibility, thus proving stability and consistency over a two-week period. Aiken's V value was 0.92, confirming the validity of the test. By parameter, univocity had Aiken's V of 0.92, relevance of 0.91, and importance of 0.91. Therefore, we conclude that this tool can be a valid test for assessing MC in athletics.
- Exercise intensity agreement, need satisfaction, and exercise behavior: A sex‐moderated mediation modelPublication . Teixeira, D. S.; Andrade, A. J.; Faria, J.; Marques, P.; Bastos, V.; Rodrigues, F.; Sousa, A. M.; Pereira, H. V.Several theoretical frameworks have been used to understand exercise adherence. Basic psychological needs (BPN), grounded on self-determination theory, have received large attention for this purpose. More recently, the hedonic theory and the assumptions related to the exercise characteristics (e.g., intensity) that can bolster positive affective responses have been revitalized. This study aimed to explore the associations between the agreement of current exercise intensity and the one individually preferred, BPN satisfaction/frustration, enjoyment, the intention to continue exercise, and exercise frequency. Additionally, an exploration of the direct and indirect effects while testing sex as a moderator was performed. A sample of 369 exercisers (Mage = 43.6, standard deviation = 12.96; 214 females) enrolled in 26 health clubs participated in this study voluntarily. Data were received in a first-approach descriptive and correlational analyses. Next, a moderated mediation was performed using model 15 (PROCESS v.4.2). As a result, agreement in preference for exercise intensity was positively associated with enjoyment (r = 0.35), intention (r = 0.43), and all needs satisfaction (ranging from r = 0.12 to r = 0.45) and negatively associated with all needs frustration (ranging from r = -0.15 to r = -0.31). In the moderated mediation analysis, the same pattern of results emerged in direct effects. Indirect effects were significant for autonomy in the enjoyment and frequency models. Findings suggest that promoting an individually adjusted training intensity may foster BPN satisfaction. It appears to be present an independent (of needs) and positive association with exercise enjoyment and intention to continue exercising.
- Classification of recovery states in U15, U17, and U19 sub-elite football players: a machine learning approachPublication . Teixeira, José E.; Encarnação, Samuel; Branquinho., L; Ferraz, Ricardo; Portella, Daniel L.; Monteiro, Diogo; Morgans, Ryland; M. Barbosa, Tiago; Monteiro, António Miguel; Forte, PedroIntroduction: A promising approach to optimizing recovery in youth football has been the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict recovery states and prevent mental fatigue. This research investigates the application of ML models in classifying male young football players aged under (U)15, U17, and U19 according to their recovery state. Weekly training load data were systematically monitored across three age groups throughout the initial month of the 2019–2020 competitive season, covering 18 training sessions and 120 observation instances. Outfield players were tracked using portable 18-Hz global positioning system (GPS) devices, while heart rate (HR) was measured using 1 Hz telemetry HR bands. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE 6–20) and total quality recovery (TQR 6–20) scores were employed to evaluate perceived exertion, internal training load, and recovery state, respectively. Data preprocessing involved handling missing values, normalization, and feature selection using correlation coefficients and a random forest (RF) classifier. Five ML algorithms [K-nearest neighbors (KNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), RF, and decision tree (DT)] were assessed for classification performance. The K-fold method was employed to cross-validate the ML outputs. Results: A high accuracy for this ML classification model (73–100%) was verified. The feature selection highlighted critical variables, and we implemented the ML algorithms considering a panel of 9 variables (U15, U19, body mass, accelerations, decelerations, training weeks, sprint distance, and RPE). These features were included according to their percentage of importance (3–18%). The results were cross-validated with good accuracy across 5-fold (79%). Conclusion: The five ML models, in combination with weekly data, demonstrated the efficacy of wearable device-collected features as an efficient combination in predicting football players’ recovery states.
- An overview of the effects of physical exercise programs on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Ferreira, José Pedro; Monteiro, Diogo; Antunes, Raul; Campos, MJ; Matos, RuiBeing aware of the relevance of physical exercise in individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), we intend to conduct a brief review on the importance of regular physical exercise for this population. An approach will be taken in order to acknowledge the barriers to the high rates of sedentary lifestyles in this population, the potential benefits of physical exercise, and the essential aspects for a correct assessment, prescription, and implementation of these programs in the population with IDD, through a reflection supported by scientific evidence. The current overview aims to provide relevant information regarding the health benefits of physical exercise in individuals with IDD, as the basis for QoL promoting more active and healthier lifestyles, namely through structured physical exercise. In addition, it is also a useful tool for consultation by exercise professionals since adjusted indoor and outdoor exercise programs are listed.