ESTM - Comunicações em conferências e congressos internacionais
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- Association between general self-efficacy and eating habits among adolescentsPublication . Cardoso, Susana; Nunes, Carla; Santos, Osvaldo; Loureiro, IsabelIntroduction: Food choices are the result of several factors. Individual predispositions and resiliency are responsible for regulating against alternative food challenges. Bandura (1982) describes self-efficacy as a sense of self-esteem, feelings of adequacy, efficiency and competence to tackle the problems. Self-efficacy also underlies the choices and effort spent in activities or accomplishments. Objectives: To investigate associations between self-efficacy and eating habits. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey, with data collected through self-administered questionnaires. Two schools participated in the survey (convenience sample). For each school, students were invited to participate, reaching a sample size of 358 students, aged 14 to 18. Students were asked to complete the Eating Habits Scale (EHA) as well as the General Self-efficacy Questionnaire (GSQ), (EHA/GSQ: 0-200/ 15-105), both validated for Portugal. Results: Significant positive correlation (r=.26; p<.001) was found between eating behaviors and self-efficacy (EHA: 86-172; mean =137.4; GSQ: 29-105; mean= 78). The correlation was stronger for the self-efficacy’s component of resistance to adversity (.32), followed by the initiative and persistence (.18) and by social effectiveness (.16). A higher coefficient of correlation was found among boys (.34) than among girls (.25), among overall scores of GSQ and scores of EHA. Conclusions: Higher self-efficacy may be associated with appropriate eating behaviors in adolescents. Control and resistance perception may play an important role, motivating youngsters to adopt healthy lifestyles. Thus, promoting self-efficacy can boost up healthy eating habits. Moreover, it may be appropriate to adopt health promotion strategies differentiated by gender.
- Eating attitudes and risk of eating disorders in adolescents: role of the thinness stereotypePublication . Cardoso, Susana; Santos, Osvaldo; Nunes, Carla; Loureiro, IsabelIntroduction: In societies where thinness is seen as a sign of ideal beauty, there is a significant social pressure for teenagers to follow this model. Such cultural stereotypes can create risky situations in what eating behaviors are concerned. Those risky situations are associated with attitudes connected with fear of gaining weight and with low self-esteem. Objective: To identify risky eating attitudes in adolescents and to characterize associations between eating attitudes (promoting risk of developing an eating disorder), sex and age. Methods: 358 adolescents (convenience sample) of two secondary schools (aged 14-18 years) were asked to complete the EAT-25 (eating attitudes test) (range from 0 to 75; cutoff=19). Results: We found 4, 5% of increased-risk cases (boys: scores between 20 and 25; girls: scores between 19 and 35). No statistically significant differences were found between overall score of EAT-25 and age. Girls have higher (p<.001) scores (mean=7.04; SD=4.48) than boys (mean=4.78; SD=7.15), and higher prevalence of increased-risk cases. This difference between sexes results mainly from factor “Drive for thinness” (p<.001). Conclusions: A relevant percentage of adolescents revealed attitudes that put them in a spectrum of increased risk for eating disorders (more prevalent in girls). Desire to be thin is the most relevant attitudinal dimension. Health education interventions oriented to set objective and healthy standards of body image and to promote overall self-esteem building among adolescents are strategic to avoid the eventual development of eating disorders.