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- Abieta-7,13-Diene in Nematode-Infected Pinewood Pinus pinaster Branch Extracts: Isolation and the Elucidation and Characterization of Its StructurePublication . Gaspar, Marisa C.; Cruz, Pedro F.; Brito, Rui M. M.; Sousa, Hermínio C. de; Braga, Mara E. M.The oleoresin and volatile fraction produced by conifers, such as Pinus pinaster, play a crucial role in plant defence, acting as precursors to resin acids and adapting in response to environmental stress or pathogen attacks. Abietadiene (abieta-7,13-diene), the biosynthetic precursor to abietic acid, has been identified as the most abundant compound in extracts from pinewood nematode (PWN)-infected P. pinaster trees. As abietadiene is not commercially available, this study aimed to achieve, for the first time, its isolation, structure elucidation, and detailed characterization from readily available forestry residues. Abietadiene was successfully isolated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and its purity and identity were evaluated using multiple analytical techniques: gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC analysis indicated a purity of over 70% for the isolated compound, while LC provided the higher purity value of 98%. The identity of abietadiene was unequivocally confirmed through LC, FTIR, and NMR analysis. This work represents the first isolation and comprehensive characterization of abietadiene from a natural source, making detailed chemical data on this compound available to the scientific community. These findings may be used for future studies on the biological interactions and ecological roles of abietadiene, particularly in the context of plant defence and pathogen resistance.
- Curriculum Meeting Points: A transcultural and transformative initiative in nursing educationPublication . Cook, Sarah Sheets; Sheerin, Fintan; Bancel, Suzanne; Gomes, José Carlos RodriguesFollowing the Bologna initiative in the 1990s, schools of nursing across Europe began considering ways in which they might collaborate with each other in educating nurses in advanced/post-bachelor programs. There were various levels of success which led the writers to explore if such collaboration was possible with similar programs in the United States.Spearheaded by the Institute of Nursing at the Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA), a consortium was established in 2010 to explore the possibilities of international collaborations in this area. In the process, recognition of subtle and more obvious barriers to such collaborations emerged. Consortium members agreed that there was a need to explore the origins and effects of these barriers and the assumptions which seemed to underpin them.The identified barriers were often caused by assumptions about the content of educational programs and about individual and collective approaches to teaching and learning. Several participants experienced a shift in consciousness about nursing education following the consortium's initial meeting in Oslo. For some, there was a feeling of finding 'like-minded thinkers' and for others it was like viewing a new landscape.This article details the evolution of the consortium and the philosophic underpinnings which guide its continued deliberations.
- Editorial: Physical Activity: An Optimizer of the Neurophysiological System?Publication . Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Garzón-Camelo, Mauricio; Castro, Maria AntónioFrom the field of neurophysiology, broadly defined as the study of the nervous system function, numerous researches have studied the central and peripheral nervous systems from whole organs to subcellular compartments. The main objective of this Research Topic was to gather studies that shed more light on the benefits of physical exercise in the neurophysiological system, from childhood to old age and from the field of health to sports or professional performance.
- Somatotype and Body Composition of Normal and Dysphonic Adult SpeakersPublication . Franco, Débora; Fragoso, Isabel; Andrea, Mário; Teles, Júlia; Martins, FernandoSummary: Objective. Voice quality provides information about the anatomical characteristics of the speaker. The patterns of somatotype and body composition can provide essential knowledge to characterize the individuality of voice quality. The aim of this study was to verify if there were significant differences in somatotype and body composition between normal and dysphonic speakers. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken of a sample of 72 adult participants (40 normal speakers and 32 dysphonic speakers) according to International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standards, which allowed the calculation of endomorphism, mesomorphism, ectomorphism components, body density, body mass index, fat mass, percentage fat, and fat-free mass. Perception and acoustic evaluations as well as nasoendoscopy were used to assign speakers into normal or dysphonic groups. Results. There were no significant differences between normal and dysphonic speakers in the mean somatotype attitudinal distance and somatotype dispersion distance (in spite of marginally significant differences [P < 0.10] in somatotype attitudinal distance and somatotype dispersion distance between groups) and in the mean vector of the somatotype components. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between groups concerning the mean of percentage fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, body density, and body mass index after controlling by sex. Conclusion. The findings suggested no significant differences in the somatotype and body composition variables, between normal and dysphonic speakers.