Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-12"
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- MoçambiquePublication . Lucas, EugénioA República de Moçambique é um Estado de Direito Democrático, independente, soberano, democrático e de justiça social. Nos Princípios Fundamentais, Título I, da Constituição da República de Moçambique está previsto que o Estado subordina-se à Constituição e funda-se na legalidade. O modelo judicial de Moçambique assenta num sistema de pluralismo jurídico em que o Estado reconhece os vários sistemas normativos e de resolução de conflitos que coexistem na sociedade Moçambicana, na medida em que não contrariem os valores e os princípios fundamentais da Constituição.
- Students involvement in interdisciplinary development of innovative health solutions: a swot analysisPublication . Soares, Elsa; Querido, Ana; Pereira, Cidália; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosBackground: Interdisciplinary research has the potential to optimize communication, accelerate discoveries and their translation into practice. Interdisciplinary collaboration is useful in bringing together professionals from different disciplines in order to share new ideas, express different perspectives and create new solutions that emerge from interdisciplinary collaboration and catalyse scientific innovations (VanWormer, Lindquist, Robiner, & Finkelstein, 2012). Little is known about student’s involvement in interdisciplinary practice-based research specially concerning their perception about their participation in this kind of research process. This paper is part of a larger interdisciplinary practice-based research project named Help2Care. Help2Care involves students, teachers and stakeholders aiming to empower the informal caregiver and the dependent person by integrating multimedia resources and technology in healthcare. Students were involved in the development of resources that optimize care among caregivers, dependent person and health care professionals, integrating networks of formal and informal care. Objectives: the main objective is to analyze the experience of students involved in an interdisciplinary team, collaborating in the design of multimedia resources that impact the quality of life of informal caregivers of the dependent person. Methods: This is a qualitative study, using thematic content analysis. Ethical issues were taken into account according to Helsinki declaration. Students from different health backgrounds (nursing, nutrition and rehabilitation) participated and were interviewed in an online (20 students) and in a face to face interview (7 students). After the free-floating reading, data were analyzed independently by each of the two researchers according to Bardin (2004). Afterwards the researchers cross-checked the categories in order to assure the validity of the content analysis. Results: The students express positive feelings regarding this experience. The exchange of knowledge, experiences and contributions regarding different health themes is highlighted. The contact with each other allowed them to perceive that they have different visions taking into account the same health topics which enabled them to develop a complementary and integrated vision. Considering the SWOT analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified, regarding the collaborative team work in the development of innovative health solutions. Conclusions: This research reveals the importance of implementing interdisciplinary teaching-learning processes in health professions higher education.
- Physiopathological responses of sole (Solea senegalensis) subjected to bacterial infection and handling stress after probiotic treatment with autochthonous bacteriaPublication . Peixoto, M. J.; Domingues, A.; Batista, S.; Gonçalves, J. S. M.; Gomes, A. M.; Cunha, S.; Valente, L. M. P.; Costas, B.; Ozório, R. O. A.This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of four autochthonous bacteria isolated from juvenile sole (Solea senegalensis) intestine as dietary probiotic supplement against bacterial pathogen infection and handling/transport stressors. Growth performance and immune responses were evaluated after 85 days of feeding trial. Sole (IBW = 16.07 ± 0.11 g) were fed six experimental diets, a control diet (CTRL, without the dietary probiotic supplementation), and five diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria: PB1 (Shewanella hafniensis), PB2 (Enterococcus raffinosus), PB3 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli), PB4 (Pseudomonas protegens + Arthrobacter soli) and PB5 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli + Enterococcus raffinosus). All bacteria were selected based on their in vitro antimicrobial activity. After the growth trial, fish were submitted to a stress factor (transport) and then each dietary group was divided in two additional groups: non-infected (placebo) and infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Immune and antioxidant responses were evaluated at day 10 post-infection. In infection trial A, fish were infected on the same day of transport, whereas in trial B fish were infected after a 7-day recovery from the transport stress. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with PB2 and PB4 showed lower final body weight when compared with the other dietary groups. Respiratory burst activity and nitric oxide production were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Fish fed with PB5 presented lower peroxidase activity compared to CTRL. Lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) showed no significant differences between treatments. The innate immune responses were significantly affected after handling stress and bacterial infection. In trial A, the ACH50 levels of infected fish were significantly lower than the placebo groups. On the other hand, in trial B fish infected with Pdp demonstrated higher ACH50 levels when compared to placebos. Peroxidase levels were strongly modulated by bacterial infection and handling stress. In trials A and B, infection had a clear downgrade effect in peroxidase levels. Lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were altered by both bacterial infection and transport. Overall, dietary probiotic supplementation did not influence growth performance of sole. The immune and oxidative defenses of sole responded differently to infection depending on the probiotic and the synergy between pathogen infection and transport.
- Tourism experiences: Core processes of memorable tripsPublication . Coelho, Mariana de Freitas; Gosling, Marlusa de Sevilha; Araújo de Almeida, António SérgioTourism is an activity that can provide different experiences to customers, but there is still a lot to know about the factors that contribute to a memorable journey. This study aims to propose a theoretical framework by identifying the core processes that are sense-making and meaningful in a Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE). The method is exploratory and qualitative, using travel narratives of Brazilian tourists. Data analysis was based on grounded theory and followed the steps of open, axial, and selective encoding. The results contribute to the formation of a substantive theory and point out three dimensions (personal, relational, and environmental), which appear to be crucial to memorable experiences. Besides, the tourist who has a memorable experience goes through the stages of: 1) Ambiance, 2) Socialization and 3) Emotions and Reflection. The findings also indicate that it may be more enriching to investigate MTEs components of experience in general rather than consider what makes a particular experience more memorable than others.
- Foreword to the Special Section on the 24th Portuguese meeting of computer graphics and interaction (EPCGI’17)Publication . Gonçalves, Alexandrino; Magalhães, Luís Gonzaga; Moreira, Pedro Miguel
- Epigenetics in aquaculture - the last frontierPublication . Granada, Luana; Lemos, Marco F. L.; Cabral, Henrique; Bossier, Peter; Novais, Sara C.Aquaculture production is expanding rapidly around the world. To tackle rising production and species diversity issues, innovations in the field of aquaculture feeds, breeding, disease management and other improvements must be addressed. In this framework, the study of epigenetic mechanisms behind different aquaculture rearing processes presents great opportunities. The transcriptional impact of epigenetic modifications, triggered by environmental stimuli, has been shown to influence the organism’s phenotype. Therefore, understanding the environmental-induced epigenetic markers related to disease resistance or other economically important traits will allow the establishment of favourable breeding conditions with increased economical revenue. Several studies have shown epigenetic effects in various species, induced by different rearing conditions, with benefits for the organisms and evidences for heritability of the acquired adaptive phenotypic traits across generations, making these studies even more relevant in a production context. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of epigenetics to positively induce disease resistance, stress tolerance and attain better sex ratios in the aquatic organism. Also, in the field of nutritional epigenetics, the possibility of early nutritional programming to improve the performance of broodstock or even the long-term performance of their progeny has been suggested. In sum, an increased understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in economically important species, and the epigenetic markers leading to the most favourable phenotypic traits, will contribute to the expansion of economically viable commercial aquaculture industries. The major epigenetic mechanisms and respective analysis methods, as well as the state of the art and potential applications in aquaculture, are addressed in this review.
- Corporate governance issues in family and nonfamily firms: evidence from PortugalPublication . Lisboa, InêsFamily firms have idiosyncrasies which may influence corporate governance. In that regard, this work’s contribution is twofold. First, it compares corporate governance of family and non-family firms. Second, it further examines these firms, discriminating between firms listed in the Portuguese stock market index and the others. The sample includes 37 Portuguese listed firms, 16 listed in the Portuguese stock index, the PSI 20. Following a quantitative analysis, the findings show that family firms, especially the ones listed in PSI 20, have more independent members, tend to comply more with corporate governance recommendations, and display more corporate governance information on their websites than other firms. This suggests that family firms try to avoid information asymmetries, so as to evade mispricing, sustain their sustainability, and reduce agency costs.
- How authentic leadership promotes individual performance: Mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and creativityPublication . Ribeiro, Neuza; Duarte, Ana Patrícia; Filipe, RitaPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how authentic leadership (AL) can affect individual performance through creativity and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)’s mediating roles. Design/methodology/approach – The sample included 177 leader-follower dyads from 26 private and small and medium-sized organizations. Followers reported their perceptions of AL, and leaders assessed each follower’s level of creativity, individual performance and OCB. Findings – The findings show that AL has a positive impact on OCB (i.e. altruism, sportsmanship, civic virtue, conscientiousness and courtesy), employee creativity, and individual performance. Creativity partially mediates the relationship between AL and individual performance. Some dimensions of OCB, namely, altruism, civic virtue and courtesy, also play a mediating role in this relationship. Research limitations/implications – Additional studies with larger samples are needed to determine more clearly not only AL’s influence on individual performance but also other psychosocial variables affecting that relationship. Practical implications – Organizations can increase employees’ creativity, OCB and individual performance by encouraging managers to adopt more AL styles. Originality/value – This study is the first to integrate AL, creativity, OCB and individual performance into a single research model, thereby extending previous research. The study also used a double-source method to collect data (i.e. leader-follower dyads) to minimize the risk of introducing common-method variance.
- Guiné-BissauPublication . Lucas, EugénioA República da Guiné-Bissau é um Estado de democracia constitucionalmente instituída, fundado na unidade nacional e na efectiva participação popular no desempenho, controlo e direcção das actividades públicas e orientada para a construção de uma sociedade livre e justa. A Constituição da República da Guiné-Bissau prevê que todo o cidadão tem o direito de recorrer aos órgãos jurisdicionais contra os actos que violem os seus direitos reconhecidos pela Constituição e pela lei, não podendo a justiça ser denegada por insuficiência de meios económicos e consagra também que todos têm direito à informação e à protecção jurídica, nos termos da lei. Os Tribunais conjuntamente com o Presidente da República, a Assembleia Nacional Popular e o Governo são os órgãos de soberania da República da Guiné Bissau, estando consagrada a separação e independência dos órgãos de soberania e a subordinação de todos eles à Constituição. Relativamente ao poder judicial define a Constituição que os Tribunais são órgãos de soberania com competência para administrar a justiça em nome do povo, competindo ao Supremo Tribunal de Justiça e demais tribunais instituídos pela lei exercer a função jurisdicional.
- Discriminação no recrutamento e acesso ao mercado de trabalho de imigrantes e portugueses de origem estrangeiraPublication . Marques, José Carlos Laranjo; Góis, Pedro; Valadas, Carla; Leite, Ana; Nolasco, Carlos