Browsing by Author "Armagan, Sungu"
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- Adaptation to the International Business Environment: a resource advantage perspectivePublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Serra, Fernando; Li, Dan; Armagan, SunguThis paper discusses the importance of the adaptation of the firm to the International Business Environment. Using concepts from the literature on resource advantage, we posit that the firms’ adaptation capability to different International Business Environments is a valuable, difficult to imitate, non-tradeable, rare but not scarce and path dependent resource. We further suggest that adaptation to International Business Environment is a non-substitutable core source of competitive advantage for the multinational enterprises, developed over time through the firms experiences and built into their routines. In line with this argument, some propositions are formulated. We conclude with a broad discussion and suggesting some avenues for future research.
- Composition of small and large firms' business networks in transition economiesPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Li, Dan; Serra, Fernando Ribeiro; Armagan, SunguIn this study, using firm level data from twenty six transition economies collected by the World Bank and the EBRD in 1999-2000, we conduct a set of logistic regression models to investigate the composition of small and large firms’ business networks. The results show that, in contrast to smaller firms, larger firms are more likely to have formal business relationships, and relationships with national and foreign financial institutions, government, and foreign firms. In addition, in a subgroup analysis of seven transition economies we show that the composition of the firms’ business networks varies substantially across countries but that the government is still a dominant client. Furthermore, we found a large variation on firms’ reliance on informal ties and the extent to which firms exchange with foreign firms.
- Efeito do género nas perspectivas éticas: um estudo empírico numa amostra de estudantes de gestãoPublication . Lisboa, Ana; Armagan, Sungu; Ferreira, Manuel PortugalCom os escândalos de fraudes, insider trading e corrupção, as questões de ética empresarial e profissional ganharam importância. Este estudo visa: (a) aferir diferenças nas perspectivas éticas de acordo com variáveis demográficas dos indivíduos, (b) contribuir para a compreensão das perspectivas éticas dos jovens portugueses, e (c) analisar possíveis variações nas perspectivas éticas em diferentes domínios. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres são menos tolerantes à falta de ética. Contudo, nem a idade, o ano escolar, a experiência profissional ou mesmo o nível de formação académica são significativas na explicação apesar de alguma variabilidade de acordo com a situação específica.
- Power and temporal commitment preference: an investigation in Portugal, Turkey, and the United StatesPublication . Armagan, Sungu; Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Okhuysen, Gerardo; Galinsky, AdamThe current research explores the impact of power on temporal commitment preference (an individual’s preference for shorter or longer time durations for agreements in decision making situations) across three countries: Portugal, Turkey, and the United States. A pilot study (N = 356) established cultural differences in uncertainty avoidance, which was expected to impact choices and behaviors involving power and temporality. The main study (N = 433) investigated the relationship between power and temporal commitment preference. Across all countries, high power individuals preferred shorter temporal commitments than low power individuals. In addition, the U.S. participants preferred longer temporal commitments than either the Portuguese or Turkish participants. We argue that differences in uncertainty avoidance help explain some of the differences in individuals’ temporal commitment preferences across diverse cultural settings. Implications for practice and future directions are also discussed.
- Temporality in negotiations: a cultural perspectivePublication . Armagan, Sungu; Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Bonner, Bryan L.; Okhuysen, A.This paper discusses national differences in the interpretation of time in mixed motive decision contexts, such as negotiation. Specifically, we consider how members of different national cultures (Portugal, Turkey, and the United States) experience temporality in these situations. We argue that cultural temporality such as polychronicity, future orientation, and uncertainty avoidance form part of a broader national environment. The national environment is also expressed in national stability factors such as legal systems, family ties, and homogeneity of populations. We propose that temporality and stability aspects of national environment determine negotiation paradigms, which subsequently influence temporality in negotiations. We conclude by suggesting that inclusion of complex and interdependent national environment factors in the study of negotiation has the potential to substantially advance our understanding of mixed motive decision situations.
- The impact of political culture on firms' choice of exploitation-exploration internationalization strategyPublication . Armagan, Sungu; Ferreira, Manuel PortugalThis article discusses the impact of political culture on the exploitation-exploration internationalization strategies of firms. In particular, we propose that four dimensions of political culture – nationalism, internationalism, patriotism, and cosmopolitanism – influence firms’ willingness to explore new opportunities and/or to exploit existing products and capabilities across borders. We suggest that firms in nationalist home country cultures are more likely to pursue exploitation strategies, whereas those in cosmopolitan cultures are more likely to pursue exploration strategies. For firms embedded in patriotic or internationalist cultures, a mix of exploitation and exploration internationalization strategies might be the more likely choice. We conclude that these political culture dimensions may be useful to understand and predict many firm-level strategic choices, such as the type of internationalization strategy pursued, the choice of foreign entry mode and location, and decisions concerning the management of foreign subsidiaries.
- The scholarly impact of the most cited and award winner articles in International BusinessPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Ribeiro, Martinho Almeida; Serra, Fernando Ribeiro; Armagan, SunguThe knowledge and evolution of a discipline are supported on multiple contributions of scholars through their research, but some works have a larger impact on the field. In this paper we examine the most cited articles in international business (IB) research. Methodologically, we identify the six most cited articles published on the top journal for IB studies - Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) -, which are also those prized with the ‘JIBS decade award’. This award symbolizes their contribution to the field. We assess the impact of the top six articles measuring citations in a sample of other top twelve business / management journals. The procedures of analyses involve counting citations and the co-citations networks of each of the six award winning articles to observe how widespread is their influence into domains that are outside the immediate boundaries of the theme researched in each article.
- Vertical integration for full outsourcing: growth and internationalization of a portuguese packaging firmPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Armagan, Sungu; Li, DanBased on a case study of a Portuguese packaging firm, this paper examines how vertical integration of the supplier serves as a vehicle for the full outsourcing of the client firms' needs in a solution that reduces transaction costs, favors specialization, and permits small and mediumsized firms to develop competencies that may be exploited in a wide array of projects. Vertical integration by the supplier (a governance decision) is a strategic response to changes in the sourcing model of the clients. Client-supplier relationships have inter-spatial and inter-temporal value that surpasses spot market exchanges.
- Vertical integration for full outsourcing: growth and internationalization of a portuguese packaging firmPublication . Ferreira, Manuel Portugal; Armagan, Sungu; Li, DanBased on a case study of a Portuguese packaging firm, this paper examines how vertical integration of the supplier serves as a vehicle for the full outsourcing of the client firms' needs in a solution that reduces transaction costs, favors specialization, and permits small and medium-sized firms to develop competencies that may be exploited in a wide array of projects. Vertical integration by the supplier (a governance decision) is a strategic response to changes in the sourcing model of the clients. Client-supplier relationships have inter-spatial and inter-temporal value that surpasses spot market exchanges.