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Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance

2014-11Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorMorouço, Pedro G.
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, Daniel A.
dc.contributor.authorKeskinen, Kari L.
dc.contributor.authorBadillo, Juan J.
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Mário C.
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-03T12:05:07Z
dc.date.available2026-07-03T12:05:07Z
dc.date.issued2014-11
dc.description.abstractMorouço, PG, Marinho, DA, Keskinen, KL, Badillo, JJ, and Marques, MC. Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3093-3099, 2014-The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to compare stroke and the physiological responses between maximal tethered and free front crawl swimming and (b) to evaluate the contribution of force exertion for swimming performance over short distances. A total of 34 male swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance, participated in this study. Each participant was tested in both a 30-second maximal tethered swimming test and a 50-m free swimming test. The tethered force parameters, the swimming speed, stroke (stroke rate [SR]), and the physiological responses (increase in blood lactate concentration [ΔBLa], heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion) were recorded and calculated. The results showed no differences in stroke and the physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the SR and DBLa. A strong correlation was obtained between the maximum impulse of force per stroke and the speed (r = 0.91; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximum impulse and SR in the tethered condition explained 84% of the free swimming performance. The relationship between the swimming speed and maximum force tended to be nonlinear, whereas linear relationships were observed with the maximum impulse. This study demonstrates that tethered swimming does not significantly alter stroke and the physiological responses compared with free swimming, and that the maximum impulse per stroke should be used to evaluate the balance between force and the ability to effectively apply force during sprint swimming. Consequently, coaches can rely on tethered forces to identify strength deficits and improve swimming performance over short distances.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank all swimmers and coaches who participated in this research. This investigation was supported by grants of the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (SFRH/BD/66910/2009) and University of Beira Interior (UBI/FCSH/Santander/2010). The authors do not have professional relationships with companies or manufacturers who will benefit from the results of this study. The results of this study do not constitute endorsement of the product by the authors or the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
dc.identifier.citationMorouço, Pedro G.1,2; Marinho, Daniel A.2,3; Keskinen, Kari L.4; Badillo, Juan J.5; Marques, Mário C.2,3. Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 28(11):p 3093-3099, November 2014. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000509.
dc.identifier.doi10.1519/jsc.0000000000000509
dc.identifier.eissn1533-4287
dc.identifier.issn1064-8011
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16528
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherNational Strength and Conditioning Association
dc.relationAVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE FORÇA EM NADO AMARRADO E EM SECO: RELAÇÃO COM A PERFORMANCE DESPORTIVA; DIFERENÇAS BILATERAIS DE FORÇA E INDICADORES DE CAPACIDADE ANAERÓBIA
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2014/11000/tethered_swimming_can_be_used_to_evaluate_force.10.aspx
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectexercise testing
dc.subjectsprint performance
dc.subjectstroke performance
dc.subjectimpulse of force
dc.titleTethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performanceeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberSFRH/BD/66910/2009
oaire.awardTitleAVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE FORÇA EM NADO AMARRADO E EM SECO: RELAÇÃO COM A PERFORMANCE DESPORTIVA; DIFERENÇAS BILATERAIS DE FORÇA E INDICADORES DE CAPACIDADE ANAERÓBIA
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/13564
oaire.citation.endPage3099
oaire.citation.issue11
oaire.citation.startPage3093
oaire.citation.titleThe Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
oaire.citation.volume28
oaire.fundingStreamFARH
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameMorouço
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier435983
person.identifier.ciencia-idF619-3996-742A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5956-9790
person.identifier.ridK-9545-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24339135400
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05b28d80-9e18-41cc-a66c-f37955bfc8da
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery05b28d80-9e18-41cc-a66c-f37955bfc8da
relation.isProjectOfPublication162a9f8c-be6f-4e90-9829-a402b18bad73
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery162a9f8c-be6f-4e90-9829-a402b18bad73

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Morouço, PG, Marinho, DA, Keskinen, KL, Badillo, JJ, and Marques, MC. Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3093-3099, 2014-The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to compare stroke and the physiological responses between maximal tethered and free front crawl swimming and (b) to evaluate the contribution of force exertion for swimming performance over short distances. A total of 34 male swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance, participated in this study. Each participant was tested in both a 30-second maximal tethered swimming test and a 50-m free swimming test. The tethered force parameters, the swimming speed, stroke (stroke rate [SR]), and the physiological responses (increase in blood lactate concentration [ΔBLa], heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion) were recorded and calculated. The results showed no differences in stroke and the physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the SR and DBLa. A strong correlation was obtained between the maximum impulse of force per stroke and the speed (r = 0.91; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximum impulse and SR in the tethered condition explained 84% of the free swimming performance. The relationship between the swimming speed and maximum force tended to be nonlinear, whereas linear relationships were observed with the maximum impulse. This study demonstrates that tethered swimming does not significantly alter stroke and the physiological responses compared with free swimming, and that the maximum impulse per stroke should be used to evaluate the balance between force and the ability to effectively apply force during sprint swimming. Consequently, coaches can rely on tethered forces to identify strength deficits and improve swimming performance over short distances.
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