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Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the Eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8): Specific cultural considerations for the assessment of depression

2025-02-10Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorAli, Amira M.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Dossary, Saeed A.
dc.contributor.authorFekih-Romdhane, Feten
dc.contributor.authorAlameri, Rana Ali
dc.contributor.authorLaranjeira, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorKhatatbeh, Haitham
dc.contributor.authorZoromba, Mohamed Ali
dc.contributor.authorAlkhamees, Abdulmajeed A.
dc.contributor.authorAljaberi, Musheer A.
dc.contributor.authorPakai, Annamaria
dc.contributor.authorEl-Gazar, Heba Emad
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-06T12:45:33Z
dc.date.available2025-06-06T12:45:33Z
dc.date.issued2025-02-10
dc.descriptionSupplementary material associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100310
dc.description.abstractBackground Despite extensive evaluations of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), its shortest version, the Eight-Item version (CESD-8), is less investigated, with absolute lack of information on its psychometric properties in the Arab world. Methods To fill the gap, data collected via an anonymous online survey from Saudi samples of students (N = 979, 422) and employees (N = 314), were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multigroup analysis to examine the structure and measurement invariance of the CESD-8. Convergent validity and internal consistency tests involved correlating the CESD-8 with its subscales, item analysis measures, and intra class correlations. Criterion validity tests involved correlating the CESD-8 and its subscales with a single-item measure of happiness. Results Exploratory factor analysis produced two factors (negative affect and positive affect) with eigen values >1, which explained 86.4 % of the variance. In confirmatory factor analysis, the crude exploratory factor analysis model had good fit while the fit of the unidimensional CESD-8 and another two-factor structure (depressed affect and somatic complaints) was improved by correlating the residuals of the items of positive affect (CESD4 and CESD6). A three-factor model (depressed affect, somatic complaints, and positive affect) expressed the best fit in the absence of error correlations. This model was invariant across groups of students and employees, gender, and age. The scale and its three dimensions demonstrated adequate internal consistency (alpha coefficient range = 0.65–0.89), convergent validity (item total correlation range = 0.43–0.80 and range of correlations with the CESD-8 = -0.68–0.92), and criterion validity (range of correlations with happiness scores = -0.40–0.60). Conclusions The CESD-8 is a valid short scale for quick identification of people with depressive psychopathologies. Using the CESD-8 to detect heterogenous depressive symptoms, rather than assessing depression as a whole condition, may influence our understanding of the dynamics and treatments of depression in specific groups/cultures, with emphasis on absence of positive affect in the definition of depression among Arabs. Replications of the three-factor structure in different cultures are needed.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipAcknowledgements The Researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support (QU-APC- 2025).
dc.identifier.citationAmira M. Ali et al., International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100310
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100310
dc.identifier.issn2666-142X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/13157
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666142X25000207
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectCulture/Arab/Saudi
dc.subjectDepression/depressive symptoms/ somatic complaints/negative affect/positive affect
dc.subjectEight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8)
dc.subjectPsychometric properties/factor structure/measurement invariance/validity/reliability
dc.titlePsychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the Eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8): Specific cultural considerations for the assessment of depressioneng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleThe International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances (IJNS Advances)
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLaranjeira
person.givenNameCarlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1080-9535
person.identifier.scopus-author-id22957802900
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842

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