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Assessment of metal contamination levels and stress responses of endangered sea turtles of São Tomé and Principe
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
São Tomé Island harbors important sea turtle nesting and feeding sites. However, insufficient enforcement of environmental laws to
avoid illegal take of nesting females and eggs, associated with a great lack of knowledge about how these species interact with their
environment and how human activities impact their survival in the region, constitute significant challenges for sea turtle
conservation. Through current local conservation projects, some information on genetics and nutrition of sea turtle populations is
being unveiled but very little is known about how ocean pollution is impacting these turtles. The main objective of this study was to
assess the metal concentrations accumulated by one species of S. Tomé sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and infer about possible impacts
of such contamination on their general stress responses and health status. More specifically, the final goal was to find correlations
between metal concentrations and the expression of key genes involved in detoxification/sequestration and metal transport,
antioxidant responses and oxidative stress, immunological responses, mitochondrial respiratory and energy production, among
others, which could be indicative of these organisms health and future viability. To achieve these goals, nesting female turtles were
sampled for blood, immediately after egg laying in their well-documented spawning sites in S. Tomé. Blood samples were withdrawn
from the external jugular vein, a portion was stored in EDTA treated tubes at -20ºC until analysis of metal concentrations, and
another portion was stored in RNAlater at -20°C until RNA extraction and gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR
(qPCR). Additionally, body mass and carapace length were also recorded, along with all information regarding egg spawning and its
success. Results showed significant correlations between expression of some genes and metal contaminant levels, pinpointing some
candidate genes to be used as biomarkers of interest for biomonitoring campaigns, which worrying function highlights the need for a
close follow-up of these organisms. This study represents the first attempt to address pollutant levels and the biological impairments
of such stressors in these turtle species nesting in S. Tomé which, given their classification as endangered species (IUCN red list), is of
paramount importance to contribute for conservation measures and management.
Description
Keywords
Blood responses Gene Expression Metals Ocean contamination Turtles
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Morão, Inês & Novais, Sara & Vieira, Sara & Barata, Carlos & Piña, Benjami & Lemos, Marco. (2018). Assessment of metal contamination levels and stress responses of endangered sea turtles of São Tomé and Principe. Frontiers in Marine Science.