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Gestão de Recursos na Ilha da Berlenga: Uma Análise Comparativa entre Grupos de Atividades
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O Arquipélago das Berlengas, integrado na Reserva Natural das Berlengas e na Rede Natura 2000, enfrenta o desafio constante de conciliar a conservação ecológica com a intensa atividade turística e as limitações inerentes aos territórios insulares. Esta investigação analisou a gestão de recursos na Berlenga, nomeadamente água, energia e resíduos, bem como a perceção dos utilizadores sobre sustentabilidade e circularidade, recorrendo a uma metodologia mista composta por questionários, observação direta e análise documental.
Os questionários aplicados a visitantes e trabalhadores (n = 464) permitiram identificar padrões relevantes entre variáveis sociodemográficas e a perceção da sustentabilidade da ilha. Os resultados revelam níveis reduzidos de familiaridade com o conceito de economia azul, bem como diferenças estatisticamente significativas associadas ao local de residência, relação com a ilha e frequência de visitação, influenciando a avaliação da gestão de resíduos, da atuação institucional e da adequação das infraestruturas. De modo geral, os inquiridos percecionam a ilha como ecologicamente sensível, apontando fragilidades sobretudo na comunicação e educação ambiental, no controlo da pressão turística e na gestão de resíduos.
A observação direta permitiu caracterizar contrastes marcantes entre os três núcleos operacionais — Bairro dos Pescadores (Bairro Almirante Andrade e Silva), Restaurante “Mesa da Ilha” e Fortaleza de São João Baptista — evidenciando diferenças estruturais e organizacionais que influenciam a circularidade local. A comparação com outras áreas protegidas insulares reforçou a necessidade de estratégias mais robustas de limitação de visitantes, fiscalização e comunicação ambiental.
Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar dos progressos alcançados na autossuficiência hídrica e energética e do trabalho contínuo de conservação, a Berlenga continua exposta a pressão turística, constrangimentos logísticos e fragilidades na coordenação entre entidades. O estudo concluiu com recomendações orientadas para uma governação mais integrada, inclusiva e informada, reforçando práticas de circularidade, comunicação ambiental e cogestão participativa.
Por fim, importa referir que esta dissertação contribui de forma relevante para a promoção dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) estabelecidos pela Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas, nomeadamente o ODS 14 – Proteger a vida marinha, o ODS 11 – Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis, o ODS 12 – Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis, o ODS 13 – Ação Climática, o ODS 16 – Paz, Justiça e Instituições Eficazes e o ODS 17 -Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento.
The Berlengas Archipelago, integrated into the Berlengas Natural Reserve, the Natura 2000 Network and the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, faces the constant challenge of reconciling ecological conservation with intense tourist activity and the limitations inherent to island territories. This research analyzed resource management at Berlenga island, namely water, energy and waste, as well as users' perceptions of sustainability and circularity, using a mixed methodology consisting of questionnaires, direct observation and documentary analysis. The questionnaires applied to visitors and workers (n = 464) made it possible to identify relevant patterns between sociodemographic variables and the perception of the island's sustainability. The results revealed reduced levels of familiarity with the blue economy concept, as well as statistically significant differences associated with place of residence, relationship with the island and frequency of visitation, influencing the assessment of waste management, institutional performance and infrastructure adequacy. In general, the participants perceived the island as ecologically sensitive, pointing out weaknesses, especially in environmental communication and education, in controlling tourism pressure and in waste management. Direct observation allowed characterizing striking contrasts between the three operational centers — Bairro dos Pescadores (Fishermen Neighborhood, Neighborhood Almirante Andrade e Silva), Restaurant “Mesa da Ilha” and Fortaleza de São João Baptista (Fortress of Saint John the Baptist) — highlighting structural and organizational differences that influence local circularity. Comparison with other island protected areas reinforced the need for more robust strategies for limiting visitors, monitoring and environmental communication. The results demonstrate that, despite the progress made in water and energy self-sufficiency and ongoing conservation work, Berlenga continues to be exposed to tourist pressure, logistical constraints and weaknesses in coordination between entities. The study presents recommendations aimed at more integrated, inclusive and informed governance, reinforcing circularity practices, environmental communication and participatory co-management. This dissertation fits directly into several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly highlighting SDG 14 – Life in Water, SDG 12 – Sustainable Production and Consumption, SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 16 – Peace, Justice and Effective Institutions and SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals.
The Berlengas Archipelago, integrated into the Berlengas Natural Reserve, the Natura 2000 Network and the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, faces the constant challenge of reconciling ecological conservation with intense tourist activity and the limitations inherent to island territories. This research analyzed resource management at Berlenga island, namely water, energy and waste, as well as users' perceptions of sustainability and circularity, using a mixed methodology consisting of questionnaires, direct observation and documentary analysis. The questionnaires applied to visitors and workers (n = 464) made it possible to identify relevant patterns between sociodemographic variables and the perception of the island's sustainability. The results revealed reduced levels of familiarity with the blue economy concept, as well as statistically significant differences associated with place of residence, relationship with the island and frequency of visitation, influencing the assessment of waste management, institutional performance and infrastructure adequacy. In general, the participants perceived the island as ecologically sensitive, pointing out weaknesses, especially in environmental communication and education, in controlling tourism pressure and in waste management. Direct observation allowed characterizing striking contrasts between the three operational centers — Bairro dos Pescadores (Fishermen Neighborhood, Neighborhood Almirante Andrade e Silva), Restaurant “Mesa da Ilha” and Fortaleza de São João Baptista (Fortress of Saint John the Baptist) — highlighting structural and organizational differences that influence local circularity. Comparison with other island protected areas reinforced the need for more robust strategies for limiting visitors, monitoring and environmental communication. The results demonstrate that, despite the progress made in water and energy self-sufficiency and ongoing conservation work, Berlenga continues to be exposed to tourist pressure, logistical constraints and weaknesses in coordination between entities. The study presents recommendations aimed at more integrated, inclusive and informed governance, reinforcing circularity practices, environmental communication and participatory co-management. This dissertation fits directly into several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly highlighting SDG 14 – Life in Water, SDG 12 – Sustainable Production and Consumption, SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 16 – Peace, Justice and Effective Institutions and SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arquipélago das Berlengas Sustentabilidade Circularidade Gestão de recursos