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The Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2): Psychometric Evaluation Among Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities

2025-07-10Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg17:Parcerias para a Implementação dos Objetivos
dc.contributor.authorAli, Amira Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorAl-Dossary, Saeed A
dc.contributor.authorAljaberi, Musheer A.
dc.contributor.authorEl-Gazar, Heba Emad
dc.contributor.authorLaranjeira, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorKhatatbeh, Haitham
dc.contributor.authorZoromba, Mohamed Ali
dc.contributor.authorAlamer, Rasmieh
dc.contributor.authorAmer, Faten
dc.contributor.authorPakai, Annamaria
dc.contributor.authorFekih-Romdhane, Feten
dc.contributor.editorLidoriki, Eirini
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-09T14:18:31Z
dc.date.available2025-09-09T14:18:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-10
dc.descriptionArticle number - 9934710
dc.description.abstractAim: Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to mental distress due to demanding and exhausting caregiving. However, in the Arab world, they are seldom screened for depression because of limited diagnostic resources. Addressing the urgent need for brief and reliable screening tools, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) among 85 Saudi mothers. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The construct, convergent, and divergent validity of the PHQ-2 was examined through a latent variable model (LVM), while its cutoff score was examined through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The unidimensional PHQ-2 (item loadings > 0.7) was positively predicted by stress and negatively predicted by high mood and happiness, supporting its convergent and divergent validity. The PHQ-2 effectively predicted low mood, poor sleep quality, nightmares, high stress, low general physical health, and willingness to join a psychological support program (area under the curve [AUC] range = 0.72–0.84, p values < 0.001). The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was achieved at the PHQ-2 threshold ≥ 2.5, while the cutoff ≥ 3.5 demonstrated a higher positive predictive value (PPV) for all outcomes (range = 30.0–78.8 vs. 23.0–70.8). Conclusions: The PHQ-2 is a brief, valid tool, which at cutoffs ≥ 2.5 and ≥ 3.5 can reliably detect clinically significant depression and related psychological and physical adverse effects. Mothers scoring ≥ 3.5 may require a clinician-based examination for depression, and they may benefit from specific mental health literacy interventions. However, the results should be interpreted with caution given convenience sampling, a small sample size, and elevated distress levels in the current population. These limitations highlight the need to replicate the study with larger, randomly selected samples from more diverse populations. Implications for Practice: Nurses can efficiently screen for depression and its mental/physical sequelae, as well as monitor response to treatment using only two items. The study provided two well-interpreted cutoffs of the PHQ-2, with real-world implications for mental health screening in under-resourced settings. Reporting Method: The study adhered to STROBE guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Copyright © 2025 Amira Mohammed Ali et al. Nursing Research and Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research has been funded by the Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia through project number RG-23 195.
dc.identifier.citationAli AM, Al-Dossary SA, Aljaberi MA, Emad El-Gazar H, Laranjeira C, Khatatbeh H, Ali Zoromba M, Alamer R, Amer F, Pakai A, Fekih-Romdhane F. The Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2): Psychometric Evaluation Among Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities. Nurs Res Pract. 2025 Jul 10;2025:9934710. doi: 10.1155/nrp/9934710. PMID: 40687118; PMCID: PMC12271688.
dc.identifier.doi10.1155/nrp/9934710
dc.identifier.eissn2090-1437
dc.identifier.issn2090-1429
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14022
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/nrp/9934710
dc.relation.ispartofNursing Research and Practice
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectArabic/Saudi
dc.subjectcutoff score/cutoff point
dc.subjectdepression/low mood
dc.subjectmothers/children with mental or intellectual disabilities
dc.subjectPatient Health Questionnaire 2-item scale/PHQ-2
dc.subjectpsychometrics/construct validity
dc.subjectreceiver-operating characteristic curve/ROC analysis
dc.subjectstress/sleep/nightmares/physical health/psychological support
dc.titleThe Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2): Psychometric Evaluation Among Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilitieseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.titleNursing Research and Practice
oaire.citation.volume2025
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLaranjeira
person.givenNameCarlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1080-9535
person.identifier.scopus-author-id22957802900
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842

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