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  • The Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2): Psychometric Evaluation Among Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities
    Publication . Ali, Amira Mohammed; Al-Dossary, Saeed A; Aljaberi, Musheer A.; El-Gazar, Heba Emad; Laranjeira, Carlos; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Zoromba, Mohamed Ali; Alamer, Rasmieh; Amer, Faten; Pakai, Annamaria; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; Lidoriki, Eirini
    Aim: Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are particularly vulnerable to mental distress due to demanding and exhausting caregiving. However, in the Arab world, they are seldom screened for depression because of limited diagnostic resources. Addressing the urgent need for brief and reliable screening tools, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) among 85 Saudi mothers. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The construct, convergent, and divergent validity of the PHQ-2 was examined through a latent variable model (LVM), while its cutoff score was examined through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The unidimensional PHQ-2 (item loadings > 0.7) was positively predicted by stress and negatively predicted by high mood and happiness, supporting its convergent and divergent validity. The PHQ-2 effectively predicted low mood, poor sleep quality, nightmares, high stress, low general physical health, and willingness to join a psychological support program (area under the curve [AUC] range = 0.72–0.84, p values < 0.001). The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was achieved at the PHQ-2 threshold ≥ 2.5, while the cutoff ≥ 3.5 demonstrated a higher positive predictive value (PPV) for all outcomes (range = 30.0–78.8 vs. 23.0–70.8). Conclusions: The PHQ-2 is a brief, valid tool, which at cutoffs ≥ 2.5 and ≥ 3.5 can reliably detect clinically significant depression and related psychological and physical adverse effects. Mothers scoring ≥ 3.5 may require a clinician-based examination for depression, and they may benefit from specific mental health literacy interventions. However, the results should be interpreted with caution given convenience sampling, a small sample size, and elevated distress levels in the current population. These limitations highlight the need to replicate the study with larger, randomly selected samples from more diverse populations. Implications for Practice: Nurses can efficiently screen for depression and its mental/physical sequelae, as well as monitor response to treatment using only two items. The study provided two well-interpreted cutoffs of the PHQ-2, with real-world implications for mental health screening in under-resourced settings. Reporting Method: The study adhered to STROBE guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Copyright © 2025 Amira Mohammed Ali et al. Nursing Research and Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    2025-07-10Journal article Open access Show more
  • Lean Thinking implementation in the automotive after-sales sector
    Publication . Silva, João Jorge Comba da; Gaspar, Marcelo Rudolfo Calvete; Serrano, Luís Manuel Ventura
    A presente dissertação explora a aplicação dos princípios do Lean Thinking no setor de pós-venda automóvel, com especial enfoque no mapeamento do fluxo de valor (Value Stream Mapping - VSM) como ferramenta para identificar ineficiências e propor melhorias nos processos. O estudo foi conduzido através de um estudo de caso qualitativo realizado numa organização automóvel autorizada, recorrendo a uma metodologia de observadorparticipante, a entrevistas informais e ainda a análise documental para recolher dados empíricos sobre os processos de serviço existentes. Este estudo analisa o fluxo de valor no estado atual, mapeando cada etapa do processo de serviço de pós-venda, desde a marcação do serviço pelo cliente até ao acompanhamento pós-venda. O mapa do fluxo de valor no estado atual revelou várias ineficiências, incluindo redundância no tratamento de dados, atrasos na confirmação da disponibilidade de peças, aplicação inconsistente do processo de receção ativa e um fluxo de informação fragmentado entre departamentos. Com base nestas constatações, foi proposto um mapa de fluxo de valor do estado futuro, concebido para otimizar as operações, reduzir desperdícios e aumentar o valor percebido pelo cliente. As principais recomendações incluíram a integração dos sistemas de informação, a padronização dos procedimentos de receção e controlo de qualidade, a melhoria na gestão de peças e a redistribuição de tarefas não essenciais para pessoal de apoio. O estudo permitiu concluir que a aplicação dos princípios Lean neste contexto pode melhorar significativamente a qualidade do serviço e o desempenho operacional, oferecendo perspetivas práticas e aplicadas para organizações que pretendam otimizar as suas operações de pós-venda automóvel.
    2025-07-10Master thesis Open access Show more