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The Arabic Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2): Psychometric evaluation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities

2026-05-05Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorAli, Amira Mohammed
dc.contributor.authorAl-Dossary, Saeed A.
dc.contributor.authorFekih-Romdhane, Feten
dc.contributor.authorLaranjeira, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorKhatatbeh, Haitham
dc.contributor.authorEl-Gazar, Heba Emad
dc.contributor.authorAyed, Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorAlkhamees, Abdulmajeed A.
dc.contributor.authorAljaberi, Musheer A.
dc.contributor.authorAlamer, Rasmieh
dc.contributor.authorPakai, Annamaria
dc.contributor.authorZoromba, Mohamed Ali
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-09T11:17:30Z
dc.date.available2026-09-09T11:17:30Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-05
dc.descriptionAcknowledgments: The researchers would like to thank the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support.
dc.description.abstractIntroduction Disruptive behaviours of children with intellectual disabilities predispose mothers to mental and physical morbidities, leading to caregiving burnout, lower childcare quality, and poor child progress. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated the psychometrics of the Arabic version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2) among 85 Saudi mothers of children with intellectual disabilities through latent variable model and receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. Results The unidimensional GAD-2 demonstrated good construct validity, invariance at the configural, metric, and scalar levels across age groups, and adequate convergent/divergent validity—It was negatively predicted by high mood and happiness and positively predicted by stress, and it mediated the effect of stress and happiness on depression. Its known-group validity was determined by elevated anxiety levels among mothers using psychotropic drugs. Two cut-offs (≥2.5 and ≥3.5) flagged the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity for predicting low mood, poor sleep quality, nightmares, high stress, low general physical health, and willingness to join a psychological support program. The positive predictive value for the cut-off ≥3.5 was higher for all outcomes than that of the cut-off ≥2.5. Discussion The GAD-2 is a valid and reliable tool, which at thresholds ≥3.5 can identify anxious mothers, aiding early diagnosis and intervention.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipDeanship of Graduate Studies Scientific Research at Qassim University
dc.identifier.citationAli, A. M., Al-Dossary, S. A., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Laranjeira, C., Khatatbeh, H., El-Gazar, H. E., … Zoromba, M. A. (2026). The Arabic Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2): Psychometric evaluation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 28(1), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/19585969.2026.2650296
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/19585969.2026.2650296
dc.identifier.eissn1958-5969
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16824
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherTaylor and Francis
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19585969.2026.2650296
dc.relation.ispartofDialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGeneralised Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale/GAD-2
dc.subjectpsychometrics/validation
dc.subjectreceiver operator characteristic curve/ROC/cut-off score/cut-off point
dc.subjectmothers/children with mental disabilities
dc.subjectlow mood/stress/sleep/nightmares/physical health
dc.subjectArabic/Saudi
dc.titleThe Arabic Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2): Psychometric evaluation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilitieseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage217
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage207
oaire.citation.titleDialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
oaire.citation.volume28
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLaranjeira
person.givenNameCarlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1080-9535
person.identifier.scopus-author-id22957802900
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842

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