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- Physical Activity, Quality of Live and Well-Being in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilityPublication . Diz, Susana; Jacinto, Miguel; Costa, Aldo M.; Monteiro, Diogo; Matos, Rui; Antunes, RaulThe practice of physical activity, exercise and sport has many benefits for the general population, but studies on the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are scarce and inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the state of the art on the role of physical activity, exercise and sport in the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD, seeking to understand the current panorama in this area and provide answers to these questions. The research was carried out between July and October 2023 using three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria for this study, and these were methodologically assessed using the Downs and Black scale (1998). Higher values were identified in the total quality of life score and some domains of this variable (e.g., personal development, physical well-being and emotional well-being), in satisfaction with life and in the perception of well-being in individuals with IDD who have enjoyed or are involved in physical activity, physical exercise and/or sports programs. Thus, according to the studies included in this systematic review, we can conclude that the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport seems to contribute to improving the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD. Despite the growing research interest in this area, there is still a notable lack of studies exploring the impact of these programs, especially sports-based programs, on quality of life and well-being variables in the population under study.
- Gender Differences in Anthropometric, Functional Capacity Measures and Quality of Life in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Monteiro, Diogo; Rodrigues, Filipe; Diz, Susana; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, RaulThe aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann–Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.
- Motor Competence and Sports Practice in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study in GymnasticsPublication . Quito, Geraldine; Jacinto, Miguel; Amaro, Nuno; Monteiro, Diogo; Matos, Rui; Diz, Susana; Mira, Tânia; Antunes, RaulThe practice of physical activity, exercise, and sports brings various benefits to the general population. However, a few intervention programs involving physical activity and sports have been specifically designed for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of implementing a sports program based on gymnastics (specifically trampolines) on the motor skills of children with ASD. The program ran from September to May 2024 (8 months duration) using the Motor Competence Assessment Battery (MCA) as an evaluation tool. It included three typically developing children and three children with ASD, all aged between 4 and 5 years. The program sessions lasted 45 min and took place twice a week. The MCA Battery was administered to assess motor skills before and after the intervention. After the intervention program, significant differences were found only between moments in the Shuttle Run test (pre-intervention ≠ and post-intervention; Bonferroni correction: t = −2.00; p = 0.043; w = 0.33). Based on these results, we can conclude that practicing a sports program based on gymnastics (namely trampolines) can contribute to improving the motor skills of children with ASD.
- Effects of combined training in individual with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Rodrigues, Filipe; Monteiro, Diogo; Diz, Susana; Sánchez, Raquel; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, RaulPurpose of the article: This study aims to evaluate the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trial investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.Materials and methods: Various databases, using various descriptors and Boolean operators were utilized.Results: Eight studies meet the eligibility criteria. Regarding the anthropometric measures/bodycomposition variable, the meta-analysis revealed that combined physical exercise did not have a significant effect (standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.34 to 0.03; Z = 1.68; p = 0.09). For the lipid profile variable, the combined exercise interventions did not show a significant effect(SMD = −0.07; 95% CI, −0.43 to 0.29; Z = 0.38; p = 0.71). Combined exercise training had a significant effect on increasing functional capacity (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.54; Z = 2.03; p = 0.04),cardiorespiratory function (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.26; Z = 3.41; p ≤ 0.001), and strength (SMD =0.77; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.08; Z = 4.78; p ≤ 0.001).Conclusions: Participants from the intervention group that took part in combined exercise trainings howed a higher probability of improving their functional, cardiorespiratory, and strength capacity compared to the control group.
- The Effects of a Multi-Sports Program on the Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, and Well-Being of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities—A Study ProtocolPublication . Diz, Susana; Costa, Aldo M.; Jacinto, Miguel; Monteiro, Diogo; Amaro, Nuno; Rodrigues, Filipe; Matos, Rui; Antunes, RaulWe intend to develop an intervention program based on sports for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD) to analyze its effects on physical fitness, quality of life (QoL), and well-being. The convenience sample will consist of at least 24 participants aged between 18 and 65, of both sexes, who are institutionalized with a previous diagnosis of IDD and no associated comorbidities (e.g., visual impairment or cerebral palsy). The participants will be divided into two groups: (i) the experimental group and (ii) the control group. The experimental group will have a weekly session, lasting 60 min, for 36 weeks. There will be a baseline assessment, a final assessment, and a follow-up assessment (three months after the end of the program). The results of this study are intended to contribute to the development of more assertive community interventions, based on sports, for the benefit of this population.
- The effects of a 24-week exercise intervention and detraining on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesPublication . Jacinto, Miguel; Monteiro, Diogo; Coelho, Luís; Diz, Susana; Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Antunes, RaulObjetive Regular physical exercise can promote physical fitness, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, increase independence and success in daily activities, and promote quality of life for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). On the one hand, if this exercise practice is discontinued or interrupted, the associated beneficial effects can be lost. This study aimed to examine possible changes in body composition and physical and functional fitness variables after regular practice of a physical exercise program, as well as after the same period of detraining. Materials and Methods This study followed a quasi-experimental methodology of 6 months of physical exercise, followed by 6 months of interruption. The sample consisted of 10 individuals with IDD, with an average age of 43.2 years (SD = 9.47). Weight, body mass index, handgrip, Timed Up and Go and Sit to Stand were assessed at initial intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results Participants improved in all variables after the intervention program, but only significantly in the handgrip test (Bonferroni corrected: t = 1.05; p = 0.019; W = 0.21). After 6 months without regular exercise, the participants showed a decline in physical and functional fitness variables, but only in handgrip significantly (p = 0.044). Conclusions Although there are some gains from physical exercise program, there seems to be a loss of these gains after the end of the program. It is therefore recommended to avoid the period of detraining, which is fundamental to promoting the benefits of exercise, healthy ageing, independence, success in carrying out activities of daily living and quality of life.