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Browsing ESTG - Capítulos de livros by Subject "Additive manufacturing"
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- Comprehensive review on full bone regeneration through 3D printing approachesPublication . Fernandes, Cristiana; Moura, Carla; Ascenso, Rita M.T.; Amado, Sandra; Alves, Nuno; Pascoal-Faria, PaulaOver the last decades, the number of work accidents associated with bone fractures has increased leading to a growing concern worldwide. Currently, autografts, allografts, and xenografts are used for bone regeneration. However, their application has associated risks. Tissue engineering (TE) has brought solutions to address these problems, through the production of temporary supports, providing mechanical support to the formation of new bone tissue and biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds, which allow cell adhesion and proliferation to ensure bone formation. The combination of materials and structure with the technique to be used will directly influence their physical and chemical properties and, consequently, their action in contributing to bone regeneration. Thus, the focus of this chapter is to perform an exhaustive literature review and a critical analysis of the state of the art in bone TE and present a proposal of an optimized temporary support geometry for bone regeneration in case of large bone defects. For this, it was listed and identified the best choice of biomaterials, fabrication method, cell type and their culture conditions (static vs. dynamic), and/or the inclusion of growth factors for the repair of large bone defects.
- Sustainability Based on Biomimetic Design ModelsPublication . Henrique A. Almeida; Oliveira, Eunice S. G.Ecodesign is an approach to designing products with special consideration for the environmental impacts of the product’s life cycle. In a lifecycle assessment, the life cycle of a product is usually divided into procurement, manufacture, use, and disposal. Ecodesign is a growing responsibility and understanding of our ecological footprint on the planet. It is imperative to search for new productive solutions that are environmentally friendly and lead to a reduction in the consumption of materials and energy while maintaining the desired performance of the products. Bearing this in mind, additive manufacturing has the capability of producing components with the lowest amount of raw material needed and the highest geometrical complexity. This work aims to present novel bioinspired design methodologies for the production of additive manufacturing products with lower amounts of material and higher performance. The bioinspired design considers natural cellular-based concepts for the definition of novel product definitions.
- Sustainable Impact Evaluation of Support Structures in the Production of Extrusion-Based PartsPublication . Henrique A. Almeida; Correia, Mário S.Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in a productive harmony, fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations. Environmental and social concerns about human society’s impact on the natural environment have been pushing sustainable development issues. Sustainable industrial practices can contribute to the development of more sustainable materials, products, and processes. It is critical to apply eco-design principles and develop greener products and production processes, reducing impacts associated with production and consumption. Bearing this in mind, additive manufacturing has the capability of producing components with the lowest amount of raw material. Alongside with the raw material, in some additive manufacturing systems, support material is needed in order to undergo the production. This present work aims to evaluate the environmental impact of the support production methodologies in order to deliver awareness to the users of extrusion-based systems for a lower environmental impact assessment. The extra production time involved in the production of the support structures and the support structure removal is evaluated. The evaluation consisted of correlating the volume of support material and the time needed for its dissolution. Two different models were then compared with different support material production schemes, regarding the total energy consumption and its environmental impact. The results demonstrate that different support production schemes have significant environmental impact regarding both production and its dissolution.