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- European Respiratory Society International Congress 2021: highlights from best-abstract awardeesPublication . Ramakrishnan, Sanjay; Beaufils, Fabien; De Brandt, Jana; Viney, Kerri; Bradley, Claire; Cottin, Vincent; Hassan, Maged; Cruz, JoanaEvery year, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) offers grants to recognise the best overall abstracts of the 14 ERS Assemblies submitted for the ERS International Congress, covering all respiratory areas. The authors of the best abstract (i.e. the highest average score of abstract reviewers and only those who have not applied or were not eligible for a sponsored award) were invited to write a short summary about their virtual Congress experience and view on the evolving field of research in light of their respective Assembly. This article provides an overview of some of the Congress highlights and gives the stage to the promising best-abstract awardees as they are the future of the ERS.
- Health practices and behaviours of studentsPublication . Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Gaspar, Pedro; Monteiro, Baltazar Ricardo; Lopes, António JoséAims: To determine the practices and behaviours determinants of health among students; to determine the prevalence of eating disorders in a non-clinic population of students and to determine some predicting factors of the health practices and behaviours of students Methodology: A Cross sectional correlational study was conducted. The population for this study was composed of 1442 students who filled a questionnaire composed of: sociodemographic and family data, health practices and behaviours and diagnostic criteria for eating disorders; and general health data Results: The majority of students perceive health as good. As to the prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia, girls registered a higher rate than boys (p<0,05) Identical results were found for the abdominal perimeter, with girls presenting a higher coronary risk when this parameter is present. The prevalence rate of pre-obesity and obesity is higher among male students. The results demonstrate differences according to gender which suggest that girls have healthier practices, eating and sleeping habits, driving behaviours and physical activity than boys. Older students have healthier eating and physical activity behaviours than younger students. The health practices and behaviours of students do not rely on the fact of them having all their meals at home. No potential cases of anorexia or bulimia were detected.
- The costs of non-training in chronic wounds : estimates through practice simulationPublication . Gaspar, Pedro; Monguet, Joseph; Ojeda, Jordi; Costa, João; Costa, RogérioThe high prevalence and incidence rates of chronic wounds represent high financial costs for patients, families, health services, and for society in general. Therefore, the proper training of health professionals engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of these wounds can have a very positive impact on the reduction of costs. As technology advances rapidly, the knowledge acquired at school soon becomes outdated, and only through lifelong learning can skills be constantly updated. Information and Communication Technologies play a decisive role in this field. We have prepared a cost estimate model of Non-Training, using a Simulator (Web Based System – e-fer) for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. The preliminary results show that the costs involved in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds are markedly higher in health professionals with less specialized training.
- Positive parenting by parents of children up to three years of age: development and validation of measurement scalesPublication . Oliveira Custódio Lopes, Maria da Saudade; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosThis study aimed to describe the development and validation of three multidimensional scales in which the same 30 items, distributed among five dimensions, measure parents' self-perceived confidence, difficulties and knowledge needs in the exercise of positive parenting during the first three years of the child's life. The content of the scales resulted from the literature and exploratory studies and was validated by experts. The analysis of its reliability and validity, using Pearson's correlations and Cronbach's alpha, was based on data from a questionnaire administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 1011 parents. In the dimensions and items, α-values ranged between 0.769 and 0.890 and r-coefficients were >0.37;p <0.01. It was concluded that the scales measure three variables that correspond to the practice of positive parenting and their use permits guiding nursing support.
- Curriculum Meeting Points: A transcultural and transformative initiative in nursing educationPublication . Cook, Sarah Sheets; Sheerin, Fintan; Bancel, Suzanne; Gomes, José Carlos RodriguesFollowing the Bologna initiative in the 1990s, schools of nursing across Europe began considering ways in which they might collaborate with each other in educating nurses in advanced/post-bachelor programs. There were various levels of success which led the writers to explore if such collaboration was possible with similar programs in the United States.Spearheaded by the Institute of Nursing at the Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA), a consortium was established in 2010 to explore the possibilities of international collaborations in this area. In the process, recognition of subtle and more obvious barriers to such collaborations emerged. Consortium members agreed that there was a need to explore the origins and effects of these barriers and the assumptions which seemed to underpin them.The identified barriers were often caused by assumptions about the content of educational programs and about individual and collective approaches to teaching and learning. Several participants experienced a shift in consciousness about nursing education following the consortium's initial meeting in Oslo. For some, there was a feeling of finding 'like-minded thinkers' and for others it was like viewing a new landscape.This article details the evolution of the consortium and the philosophic underpinnings which guide its continued deliberations.
- Development of novel alginate based hydrogel films for wound healing applicationsPublication . Pereira, Rúben; Carvalho, Anabela; Vaz, Daniela C.; Gil, M. H.; Mendes, Ausenda; Bártolo, PauloAlginate and Aloe vera are natural materials widely investigated and used in the biomedical field. In this research work, thin hydrogel films composed by alginate and Aloe vera gel in different proportions (95:5, 85:15 and 75:25, v/v) were prepared and characterized. The films were evaluated regarding the light transmission behavior, contact angle measurements, and chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. These thin hydrogel films, prepared by crosslinking reaction using 5% calcium chloride solution, were also investigated relatively to their water solubility and swelling behavior. Results showed that Aloe vera improved the transparency of the films, as well their thermal stability. The developed films present adequate mechanical properties for skin applications, while the solubility studies demonstrated the insolubility of the films after 24 h of immersion in distilled water. The water absorption and swelling behavior of these films were greatly improved by the increase in Aloe vera proportion.
- Internet-based intervention programme for obese adolescents and their families (Next.Step): research protocol of a controlled trialPublication . Sousa, Pedro Miguel Lopes; Fonseca, Helena; Gaspar, Pedro; Gaspar, FilomenaAim This paper describes the design and rationale of a controlled trial that aims to determine the effectiveness of an intervention programme in which the internet is used. Background Adolescent obesity is a major health problem, there being urgency to find effective interventions that induce behavioural change. The inclusion of the internet in the intervention may improve adolescents' adherence to the weight management programme and lead to adoption of healthier lifestyles. Design A clinical trial with a control group (non‐randomized). Methods Participants are adolescents with appointments at a paediatric obesity clinic (Portugal). Sample size was calculated according to the power analysis. The experimental group will follow the standard treatment protocol and receive free access to the e‐therapeutic platform. The control group will follow the standard treatment protocol and join a waiting list. Intervention length will be 36 weeks (24 weeks of direct intervention with a follow‐up for 12 weeks). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee for Health (Lisbon, Portugal) in January 2012 and funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) in December 2012. Discussion The results of this research will promote reflection on new approaches directed to treat adolescent obesity and on the promotion of healthy behaviours. We expect to gather empirical evidence of the intervention programme effectiveness. The expectations lie on the population health gains, empowerment in decision‐making and adoption of healthier lifestyles.
- Effects of Anaesthesia on Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Parameters in Wistar RatsPublication . Guarino, Maria Pedro; Santos, Ana Isabel; Mota-Carmo, Miguel; Costa, Pedro FreireWe compared the effects of two different anaesthetics, sodium pentobarbital (65 mg/kg) and ketamine (30 mg/kg) plus xylazine (4 mg/kg) (KX) on insulin sensitivity, fasting glycaemia, insulinaemia and free fatty acids (FFA). Four groups of Wistar rats were used: KX group (n=6), pentobarbital group (n=6), high-sucrose diet group (n=6) and the conscious group (n=6). The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was used to measure insulin sensitivity, and metabolic biomarkers were determined using commercial kits. Pentobarbital did not alter plasma insulin, glucose, FFA or the ITT results compared to conscious animals. In contrast, KX anaesthesia induced hyperglycaemia, increased serum FFA and altered the ITT results compared to the conscious animal group. Moreover, under pentobarbital anaesthesia, the ITT proved to be a suitable method to detect insulin resistance in an animal model of diet-induced insulin resistance. We concluded that sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia should be used in metabolic studies since it does not interfere with plasma glucose, insulin, F FA or insulin sensitivity quantification in Wistar rats.
- Lifestyle and treatment adherence among overweight adolescentsPublication . Sousa, Pedro Miguel Lopes; Gaspar, Pedro; Fonseca, Helena; Gaspar, FilomenaThis study evaluated the influence of overweight adolescents' lifestyle on the adherence to weight control, and identifies their predictors. Participants were 94 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, attending a Paediatric Obesity Clinic. Lifestyle was assessed using the "Adolescent Lifestyle Profile" and treatment adherence through the "Therapeutic Adherence to Weight Control Questionnaire." Adherence to weight control was associated with various lifestyle domains. Several predictors were identified for lifestyle and adherence to weight control among overweight adolescents. A broad array of inter-correlations and predictors were identified and should be taken into account when designing adolescent weight control interventions.
- Gestão da Doença Crónica: Revisão dos processos clínicos de utentes internados, com os Grupos de Diagnóstico Homogéneo (GDH) 96 e 97, no ano de 2012Publication . Duarte, Hugo Miguel Santos; Fernandes, Cláudia Rafaela Gonçalves; Pereira, Fabiene Patrícia Gomes; Sousa, Inês Patrícia Gomes; Gouveia, João Carlos VenâncioIntrodução: Em Portugal, assistimos cada vez mais ao aumento da despesa em saúde e da mortalidade relacionadas com a existência de doenças crónicas. A asma brônquica acarreta uma importância económica, pessoal e assistencial, surgindo neste contexto em quarto lugar na priorização das doenças a necessitar de uma ação estratégica: gestão da doença crónica. Objetivos: Identificar o número e tempo de internamento médio dos utentes com asma (GDH 96 e 97), em 2012, e comparar as atividades de Enfermagem registadas nos processos clínicos dos utentes com GDH 96 e 97, com as descrições de atividades de Enfermagem existentes no processo assistencial integrado da asma adotado pela Consejería de Salud da Andaluzia. Metodologia: Tipo de Estudo: Descritivo simples e retrospetivo. Amostra: Não probabilística por conveniência. Doze processos clínicos de utentes com mais de 17 anos que tenham estado internados, no hospital de referência, com o diagnóstico principal de asma, em 2012. Instrumento: Hétero-preenchimento de Checklist com observação estruturada. Procedimentos: Foi solicitado e autorizado o acesso aos processos clínicos. A confidencialidade, anonimato e utilização exclusiva dos dados para o estudo foi assegurada. Tratamento de Dados: Estatística descritiva (frequências e medidas de tendência central e de dispersão) com recurso ao SPSS. Resultados: Nos processos analisados de utentes internados no hospital de referência com GDH 96 e 97, em 2012, o número de internamentos mais comum é 1 (50% dos utentes) e a média de dias de internamento dos mesmos foi de 5,33 dias (desvio padrão de 3,34). Pudemos constatar também que a maior parte das normas preconizadas pela Consejería de Salud não foram implementadas (40,5%) e apenas 16,7% das normas foram encontradas nos processos como tendo sido realizadas. Conclusão: Muitas das intervenções realizadas pelos Enfermeiros não se encontraram registadas nos processos, concluindo desta forma que alguns itens apenas poderiam ser avaliados através da observação direta ou da verificação da presença de protocolos na instituição.