Browsing by Author "Crespo, Nuno Fernandes"
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- Changing the sails to survive the storm: Strategies that foster international business model innovation during a crisisPublication . Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Silva, Graça; Barros, BeatrizPersisting global crises, such as COVID-19, pose significant challenges for international companies. The increase in uncertainty and instability in foreign markets has profoundly affected firms’ strategic decisions, forcing them to adapt to dynamic conditions in order to maintain or improve their international performance. Grounded in the dynamic capabilities view, this study examines how exploration and exploitation strategies drive international business model innovation, ultimately affecting international performance and expectations concerning crisis survival during the COVID-19 crisis. Utilizing survey data from 1455 internationalized companies, we use structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. The results show that, although both exploration and exploitation strategies foster international business model innovation, exploration has a stronger effect than exploitation. The results further emphasize that international business model innovation has a positive impact not only on the expectation of crisis survival but also on the international performance.
- Improving subsidiaries' innovation through knowledge inflows from headquarters and peer subsidiariesPublication . Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Lages, Luis Filipe; Crespo, Nuno FernandesThis study develops a conceptual model that compares the intensity of the impact of knowledge inflows from peer subsidiaries and from the headquarters in the promotion of a focal subsidiary's innovation activities, moderated by socialization mechanisms and national cultural distance. The authors test hypotheses with a dataset comprised of survey data from 202 multinational corporations (MNC) Portuguese subsidiaries. The results indicate that although knowledge inflows from both the headquarters and peer subsidiaries promote the focal subsidiary's innovations capabilities, headquarters' knowledge transfer is a superior and more efficient source of knowledge in the promotion of a subsidiary's new product development. Moreover, socialization mechanisms, both lateral and vertical integrating mechanisms, act as critical instruments that facilitate the incorporation of the incoming knowledge flows into innovation. This study extends the literature on knowledge transfer in MNCs by exploring how two sources of knowledge transfer, the headquarters and peer subsidiaries, influence a focal subsidiary's new product development, investigating socialization mechanisms and national cultural distance moderating effects.
- Innovation in times of crisis: The relevance of digitalization and early internationalization strategiesPublication . Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Silva, Graça Miranda; Nicola, Maura BedinUsing the resource-based view, we examine the roles of international and digital orientations as determinants of the digitalization and the early internationalization strategies of international new ventures (INVs). We also examine the effect of implementing those strategies on the innovation performance of INVs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested this conceptual framework by using structural equation modeling (AMOS) on a database of 213 INVs. The results indicate that international orientation is a fundamental determinant of both strategies, while digital orientation only fosters a digitalization strategy. Moreover, both strategies were critical to increase innovation performance during the pandemic. This study expands the literature in the field of international entrepreneurship in three different ways: i) it highlights the relevance of innovation performance for INVs during the pandemic; ii) it underlines the relevance of both the early internationalization and the digitization strategies to promote innovation performance; and iii) it reinforces the importance of international and digital orientations as critical resources for defining strategy.
- Strategic responses of the family businesses in accommodation industry: lessons for overcoming crisesPublication . Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Calado, MariaPurpose – The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to examine the relevance of specific strategic orientations for family businesses in the context of an intense crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) to investigate the role of a family adaptability in surviving the crisis; and 3) to assess how proactive strategic responses connected with marketing or retrenchment responses connected with reducing costs relate to the expected survival of the crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The method adopted is a quantitative research approach. The theoretical framework uses a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for the data collected from an online survey of a sample of 544 family businesses in the accommodation industry. Findings – This paper makes three main findings. First, family businesses that invest in operational marketing actions as a strategic response to the crisis have a high expectation of surviving the crisis. Second, family businesses that reduce their operational and labor costs as a strategic response have a low expectation of surviving the crisis. Third, the family business’s adaptability is also fundamental to their expectation of survival. Originality/value – This is the first paper to identify the possible reactions of family businesses to the COVID-19 crisis. the authors show that there are proactive or retrenchment strategic responses, and the authors relate those responses to the expectancy of surviving the crisis. This is also the first study to examine the relevance of family adaptability as a measure of the resilience of family businesses and, therefore, as a determinant of the expectation of surviving the crisis.
- The effects of subsidiary’s leadership and entrepreneurship on international marketing knowledge transfer and new product developmentPublication . Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Curado, CarlaThis study investigates the role of a strong subsidiary leadership and entrepreneurial culture in the promotion of marketing knowledge inflows. We further examine their consequences on the subsidiary’s ability to develop new products when moderated by the tacitness of knowledge. The data were collected from 202 Portuguese subsidiaries of multinational corporations and were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that subsidiaries’ strong leadership support and entrepreneurial culture are fundamental mechanisms that foster marketing knowledge inflows from both the headquarters and peer subsidiaries. Moreover, marketing knowledge inflows enhance the focal subsidiary’s innovation abilities. We also find that tacit knowledge exerts contradictory moderating effects on the transfers of marketing knowledge, carrying distinct implications for a subsidiary’s knowledge management. The results expand our understanding of the effectiveness of transferring marketing knowledge among multinational corporations’ (MNCs) subsidiaries.
- Unveiling the power of supplier-country image on B2B customers' perceptions: Beyond the product’s beautyPublication . Crespo, Cátia Fernandes; Crespo, Nuno Fernandes; Silva, Susana C.Researchers in business-to-business (B2B) sectors often assume that findings regarding country-of-origin (COO) effects on end consumers can be directly applied to the industrial marketing context. This tendency to generalize can result in an inaccurate understanding of how buyers perceive COO information in B2B scenarios. This study investigates the effect of supplier-country image on international customers’ perceptions of both perceived product quality and relationship quality in a B2B market environment. We further examine the consequences of perceived product quality and relationship quality on supplier awareness and customer loyalty. Data collected from 182 international B2B buyers in the Portuguese footwear, molds, and wood products and furniture industries were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that supplier-country image influences the relationship quality dimensions (trust, commitment, and satisfaction) and perceived product quality. Moreover, trust and commitment enhance customer loyalty, while trust and satisfaction leverage supplier awareness. In contrast, perceived product quality only influences customer loyalty, albeit to a weaker extent. Thus, relationship quality plays a more significant role than perceived product quality in influencing supplier awareness and customer loyalty in B2B environments. These results challenge the notion that the impact of COO on end consumers can be equally applied in B2B contexts, and they expand our understanding of how supplier-country image affects relationship quality in the industrial setting. Furthermore, they draw managers’ attention to the importance of mitigating a potentially negative COO image through measures aimed at improving relationships.