Browsing by Author "Bastos, Vasco"
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- Affective responses to stretching exercises: Exploring the timing of assessmentsPublication . Henriques, Leonor; Ekkekakis, Panteleimon; Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; Monteiro, Diogo; Teixeira, Diogo S.Affective responses during exercise have been identified as a predictor of exercise adherence. However, research has been mostly limited to aerobic and resistance exercise. Considering that stretching activities are also an important component of physical fitness, this quasi-experimental study was designed to: 1) compare affective responses during and immediately after stretching exercises in apparently healthy adults, and 2) assess the consistency and repeatability of affect ratings obtained one week apart. For this purpose, we analyzed the Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) ratings using Time (during and after stretching) x Intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) x Stretched Muscle Group (quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, latissimus dorsi, triceps) with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANCOVA) in 34 participants (21 males; aged 32.8 ± 8.6 years). The repeatability of FS and FAS ratings was assessed using two-way random-effects models, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots. FS scores were higher following the stretching exercises, whereas FAS scores were lower, particularly in the vigorous intensity. In general, the inter-day repeatability for FS and FAS measurements was good across muscle groups. ICC tended to be higher at vigorous intensities. Ratings of core affect can be collected during static passive stretches using the FAS and FAS in ecologically valid settings. These results suggest that an adequate assessment of core affective responses to stretching activities should be performed during the exercises.
- Assessing affective valence and activation in resistance training with the feeling scale and the felt arousal scale: A systematic reviewPublication . Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; David, Paul; Teixeira, DiogoEvidence suggests affective responses to exercise can influence exercise adherence. However, there is a limited understanding of how and when to measure core affect in resistance training. As such, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze how the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale have been used in resistance training to assess core affect. Focus was given to the contextual feasibility, timing, and frequency of assessment. A search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases was conducted (last search date July, 2022) with the purpose of including experimental and non-experimental studies, utilizing the Feeling Scale and/or the Felt Arousal Scale in resistance training, and focused on apparently healthy individuals of any age. Twenty-seven studies (N = 718 participants) published between 2009–2022 were qualitatively analyzed. Both scales appeared to be able to detect core affect within a wide array of intensities, ages, and equipment. As for the timing and frequency of measurement, no apparent standardization was evident. The use of the Feeling Scale, the Felt Arousal Scale, or both, to measure core affect appears to be feasible in resistance training practices. However, a lack of methodological background raises concerns regarding the quality of previous studies’ assessments and comparisons of results across studies.
- Atividade física, exercício físico e fitness em Portugal: passado, presente e futuroPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Chaves, César; Bastos, Vasco; Pereira, Hugo; Teixeira, Diogo; Rodrigues, FilipeThis article sought, analytically and narratively, to analyze the trends in physical activity and exercise practice in Portugal over the past two decades. Additionally, the context of fitness in the national territory was examined, based on records released over the past years. Specifically, physical exercise was analyzed based on the fitness context, where interest was focused on the economic response to attrition rates and the weekly frequency of members. The current work is structured into several parts, namely: i) physical activity practiced in Portugal; ii) the panorama of physical exercise and fitness in Portugal; and iii) the economic analysis of the fitness sector in Portugal; iv) levels of physical exercise, and v) reasons for non-practice and abandonment of physical exercise. Finally, we will present a discussion highlighting practical implications. In conclusion, this study highlights the difficulty of the fitness sector in reversing inactivity trends. There is a need to review the methods used to assess physical activity and exercise. Additionally, it underscores the importance of understanding the reasons for dropout in fitness centers and implementing reforms to improve customer experience and reduce attrition rates.
- Direção técnica em ginásios e health clubs: um estudo exploratório sobre a perceção dos profissionais de exercício físicoPublication . Teixeira, Diogo; Sousa, Ana; Oliveira, César Chaves; Ruivo, RM; Dias, Amândio; Asseisseira, Pedro; Rodrigues, Filipe; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Bastos, Vasco; Pedragosa, Vera; Pereira, H.V.A figura do diretor técnico foi introduzida na lei em 2012, mas pouca investigação foi produzida para compreender como tem desenvolvido a sua ação. Este estudo pretendeu analisar as perceções dos técnicos de exercício físico (TEF) sobre i) a importância das funções dos diretores técnicos (tal como definidas na lei), e ii) a forma como os diretores técnicos cumprem e desenvolvem as suas funções, contrastando os resultados por segmento de mercado. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e de frequências a uma amostra de 194 profissionais de exercício com uma média de idades de 34.46 anos (DP= 8.78), e com uma média de anos de experiência de 9.04 anos (DP= 6.84), que participaram voluntariamente neste estudo. O presente trabalho evidenciou que os TEF valorizam as funções atribuídas ao diretor técnico expressas na lei. Verificou-se que a regularidade do apoio do diretor técnico é bastante heterogénea, sendo que em quase 50% dos respondentes a classificação atribuída foi de inexistente ou pouco regular. Verificou-se ainda que cerca de 45% dos TEF consideraram a prestação dos diretores técnicos como sendo muito fraca ou fraca. Da análise por segmento de mercado, o low cost apresentou, genericamente, os piores resultados percentuais, e o premium os melhores.
- History of Fitness in Portugal: A Brief Review of the Influences that Shaped the Current National PanoramaPublication . Teixeira, Diogo; Cerca, Luís; Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; Pereira, HugoFitness in Portugal results from a set of historical intersections marked by various influences and personalities. To a large extent, knowledge of this path is essential to understanding the current reality and some of the problems the area faces. The present opinion intends to situate and summarise the leading influences of national and international events and some time frames that led to the development of the intervention area commonly called fitness. For this purpose, the work is structured in three parts: i) the beginnings of fitness, where some of the international influences that were at the origin of this area will be presented; ii) some of the main influences and factors that allowed the growth of fitness in Portugal; and iii) the effect of the historical trajectory of fitness in the current context and future considerations about the area. Given the scarcity of records on the subject, the present work, as an opinion article, will also be a self-report of the authors, who, having experienced different moments of this history, intend to leave a contribution to this record and for future reflections of its impact on the development of the area, professionals, and respective practices.
- O papel dos afetos em modelos de processamento duplo e sua importância para a adesão ao exercício físico: uma revisão da literaturaPublication . Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; Teixeira, DiogoO crescimento de teorias comportamentais assentes em mecanismos de processamento duplo reflete uma mudança do paradigma cognitivista-social predominante, procurando um maior reconhecimento dos fatores automáticos/implícitos no estudo do comportamento. A presente revisão narrativa visa providenciar uma maior clareza quanto à definição de afeto, emoção e humor, apresentando de seguida modelos teóricos de processamento duplo que consideram os afetos básicos como aspeto essencial nos processos implícitos e, direta ou indiretamente, nos processos explícitos. Algumas dessas teorias que serão abordadas neste trabalho são: a Teoria Afetiva-Reflexiva da Inatividade Física e do Exercício (ART), a Teoria da Minimização do Esforço na Atividade Física (TEMPA), o Modelo de Adoção e Manutenção da Atividade Física (PAAM), e a Estrutura dos Afetos e do Comportamento Saudável (AHBF). Neste artigo será descrito com detalhe as associações entre os determinantes implícitos (e.g., afeto, hábito) e explícitos (e.g., intenção, traços autorregulatórios) e a prática regular de exercício físico. Sugerimos que a falta de consideração que os fatores associados ao processamento implícito têm sofrido, limitam a compreensão e criação de intervenções que possam promover a adoção e manutenção de um comportamento (e.g., exercício físico) a longo prazo. Por fim, concluímos com uma breve
- Set to fail: Affective dynamics in a resistance training program designed to reach muscle concentric failurePublication . Bastos, Vasco; Andrade, Ana Jesus; Rodrigues, Filipe; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, Diogo SantosGrounded in hedonic assumptions, evidence suggests that people tend to engage in activities they consider pleasurable and enjoyable, while trying to avoid pain and displeasure. This suggests that the dynamic between positive and negative affect can influence current behavior and the intentions to continue performing. Regarding resistance training (RT), research focusing on how to promote a better affective response is still scarce and much needed. Given existing limitations and theoretical suggestions, a RT program was developed and applied to recreational exercisers in a quasi-experimental design aiming to (1) explore the affective response dynamic through an assessment after the last set of each exercise; and (2) analyze possible differences of preference and tolerance profiles in affective variables (core affect and enjoyment). For that purpose, 43 participants (21 male and 22 female; Mage = 34.69 ± 6.71 years; Mexperience = 8.32 ± 4.54 years; MBMI = 24.26 ± 2.64 kg/m2) accepted to participate in this study. Descriptive statistics, correlational, and group comparisons analyses were performed to provide evidence for proposed objectives. The present study showed that measures of affective valence/arousal applied immediately after a set represents a feasible and ecologically valid approach to tap core affect. Results presented evidence that recreationally trained exercisers in a common RT program would need a minimum of one measurement to assess the affective response. However, additional assessments could refine the understanding of exercise pleasurable experience. Results also suggest that exercisers with distinct profiles of preference/tolerance depicted differentiated patterns for the affective response, possibly justifying a distinct approach when promoting affective regulation.
- Using Psychometric Testing Procedures for Scale Validity, Reliability, and Invariance Analysis: The PRETIE-Q Portuguese VersionPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Morouço, Pedro; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Jacinto, Miguel; Figueiredo, Nuno; Santos, Filipe; Bastos, Vasco; Teixeira, DiogoThis study investigated the psychometric nature of preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity in physical activity. It initially re-examined the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) among Portuguese exercisers, looking at its applicability to different exercise activities and exercise experiences. Then, to investigate the applicability of the measure in different groups, its invariance was examined. The sample consisted of 1117 participants (528 male, 589 female) aged 18–81 years old (Mage = 36.81, SD = 11.89). All participants reported at baseline that they were exercising, on average, 3.93 days (SD = 1.36) per week. The exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) displayed the best fit. The ESEM did show invariance when tested for multigroup analysis. The conclusion of this research is that the ESEM demonstrated the best fit, displaying invariance in multigroup analysis. Furthermore, when assessing preference and tolerance in various exercise modalities, the PRETIE-Q should be primarily used as a multidimensional instrument due to the differential recognition of preference and tolerance in seemingly similar physical activity circumstances, highlighting the importance of employing context-verified measures to evaluate exercise-intensity preference and tolerance based on sample characteristics or real-time context.