Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-12-31"
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- What is a football champion made of? Scoring and preventing opponent teams from scoring in the 21st century in the top six European leaguesPublication . Matos, Rui; Rodrigues, Filipe; Amaro, Nuno; Jacinto, Miguel; Mendes, Diogo; Monteiro, DiogoThe present study aimed to compare the scored and conceded goals of the top six European football leagues (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, England, and Germany) between 2001 and 2020. The champions have a mean combo (indicator that combines attack and defence ranking) result between 1 and 1.40. The French and Italian leagues were the only ones where variation coefficients of this combo result overpassed 50% (71 and 59%, respectively) compared to the remaining football leagues. Further subsequent analysis showed that the Portuguese and French leagues differ significantly from Italy in terms of the best attack position of the champions (Z= 3.196; p= 0.01; η2= 0.123). Regarding position in the defensive ranking, Portugal and Italy showed significantly different results compared to France (Z= 3.763; p= 0.003; η2= 1.42). Besides, the only two countries with significant differences in scored and conceded goals positioning were France (attack better than defence; t= -3; p< 0.01; d= 2.236) and Italy (defence better than attack; t= 2.881 p< 0.01; d= 1.164). Hence, in the French football league, a higher attack performance than a defence seems to indicate the champion. Oppositely, in the Italian football league, champions traditionally occupy top positioning on defence, even if they do not present the same performance on scored goals.
- The correspondences and non-correspondences between Chinese and Portuguese language and culture: An analysis of botanical termsPublication . Zhang, YuxiongDespite belonging to two totally different language families, there is always a translatability between Chinese and Portuguese. The first Portuguese-Chinese dictionary by Matteo Ricci and Michele Ruggieri dating from the 17th century is the most persuasive evidence of this fact. On the one hand, there is no shortage of translation masterpieces today, and on the other hand, cultural exchange is intensifying at a rapid pace as the globalization process deepens. It is becoming urgent to pay attention to the differences existing in the two different cultures and the non-correspondences in their translation. Partial knowledge about another culture can lead to imprecise translation and result in equivocation of other related concepts in sequence. Undoubtedly, biological and cultural differences cause the phenomenon of non-correspondence the most. However, searching for similar concepts in the target language culture is also used as a frequent strategy, facilitating both the translator's work and the target audience's understanding. However, translation facilitation can bring misunderstandings. The non-matching of hyperonyms and hyponyms between the two cultures makes the translation of some concepts somewhat difficult. This paper aims to exemplify some of the issues of non-correspondence between the two languages, with the objective of contributing to a better understanding of the two cultures and the enhancement of translation between Chinese and Portuguese.
- History of Fitness in Portugal: A Brief Review of the Influences that Shaped the Current National PanoramaPublication . Teixeira, Diogo; Cerca, Luís; Bastos, Vasco; Rodrigues, Filipe; Pereira, HugoFitness in Portugal results from a set of historical intersections marked by various influences and personalities. To a large extent, knowledge of this path is essential to understanding the current reality and some of the problems the area faces. The present opinion intends to situate and summarise the leading influences of national and international events and some time frames that led to the development of the intervention area commonly called fitness. For this purpose, the work is structured in three parts: i) the beginnings of fitness, where some of the international influences that were at the origin of this area will be presented; ii) some of the main influences and factors that allowed the growth of fitness in Portugal; and iii) the effect of the historical trajectory of fitness in the current context and future considerations about the area. Given the scarcity of records on the subject, the present work, as an opinion article, will also be a self-report of the authors, who, having experienced different moments of this history, intend to leave a contribution to this record and for future reflections of its impact on the development of the area, professionals, and respective practices.