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Fructose Malabsorption, Gut Microbiota and Clinical Consequences: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence
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Resumo(s)
Fructose malabsorption is characterized as the incomplete absorption of fructose in the small intestine. Fructose is one of the most common monosaccharides in the human diet. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of insights into the relationship between high-fructose diet, fructose malabsorption, gut microbiota and clinical consequences. Incomplete absorption of fructose causes accumulation in the colon, which leads to fermentation by gut microbiota and abdominal symptoms such as bloating and excessive gas production. Malabsorption mayresult from exceeding theabsorptive capacity of GLUT5orinsufficient upregulation, with incidence increasing with age and higher dietary fructose concentrations. High-fructose diets generally promote an increase in inflammatory bacterial groups such as Desulfovibrio and Deferribacteraceae, while reducing beneficial Bacteroidetes. These microbial alterations may impair intestinal barrier function, modify short-chain fatty acid profiles, and contribute to systemic inflammation, metabolic disorAcademic Editors: Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak and Katarzyna Góralska Received: 19 October 2025 Revised: 5 November 2025 Accepted: 5 November 2025 Published: 6 November 2025 Citation: Simões, C.D.; Sousa, A.S.; Fernandes, S.; Sarmento, A. Fructose Malabsorption, Gut Microbiota and Clinical Consequences: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Life 2025, 15, 1720. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/life15111720 Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/). ders, and potentially mental health issues. Animal studies using fructose malabsorption models present inconclusive results regarding the impact of fructose on the composition of gut microbiota. Additional research is essential to fully comprehend the complex relationship between diet, fructose malabsorption and gut microbiota, to develop personalized, effective dietary approaches for managing symptoms of fructose malabsorption.
Descrição
Article Review
This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emerging Role of Microbiota in Health and Diseases.
Article number - 1720
Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: HFCS - High-fructose corn syrup GLUT - Glucose transporter KHK - Ketohexokinase ChREBP - Carbohydrate response element-binding protein SCFA - Short-chain fatty acid FODMAP - Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols LPS - Lipopolysaccharide IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome
This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emerging Role of Microbiota in Health and Diseases.
Article number - 1720
Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: HFCS - High-fructose corn syrup GLUT - Glucose transporter KHK - Ketohexokinase ChREBP - Carbohydrate response element-binding protein SCFA - Short-chain fatty acid FODMAP - Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols LPS - Lipopolysaccharide IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Palavras-chave
Dietary fructose Fructose malabsorption Gut microbiota Nutrition
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Simões, C.D.; Sousa, A.S.; Fernandes, S.; Sarmento, A. Fructose Malabsorption, Gut Microbiota and Clinical Consequences: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence. Life 2025, 15, 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15111720
Editora
MDPI