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O envelhecimento institucionalizado está associado a níveis severos de descondicionamento físico, elevado risco de queda e ao medo de cair. O exercício físico mitiga estes fatores, mas a eficácia comparativa entre diferentes metodologias de treino nesta população específica permanece por clarificar. Comparar o impacto de um programa de exercício multicomponente versus um treino de dupla tarefa (cognitivo-motor) na redução do risco de queda, diminuição do medo de cair e capacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados. Ensaio clínico randomizado, de grupos paralelos, envolvendo 21 idosos residentes numa Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (Midade = 83,67 ± 6,17 anos). Os participantes foram alocados a um Grupo Multicomponente (n = 11) ou a um Grupo de Dupla Tarefa (n=10) para uma intervenção de 12 semanas (2 sessões/semana). Avaliou-se o risco de queda, o medo de cair e a capacidade funcional nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção. Não se verificaram melhorias significativas no tempo de execução do TUG em nenhum dos grupos. O Grupo Multicomponente apresentou uma redução significativa do medo de cair (-29,1%, p = 0,025) e uma melhoria clínica e estatisticamente significativa na capacidade funcional (+40,9%, p = 0,002). O Grupo de Dupla Tarefa não obteve alterações significativas em nenhuma destas dimensões. Adicionalmente, observou-se uma tendência para a superioridade do treino multicomponente face à dupla tarefa na variável capacidade funcional (p=0,065, η²p = 0,168). O treino multicomponente revelou-se superior na melhoria da capacidade funcional e na redução do medo de queda. Numa população frágil e institucionalizada, o custo atencional exigido pelo treino de dupla tarefa parece limitar os benefícios físicos e psicológicos do exercício.
Institutionalized aging is associated with severe physical deconditioning, a high risk of falls, and a pervasive fear of falling. Physical exercise mitigates these factors, but the comparative efficacy of different training methodologies in this specific population remains unclear. To compare the impact of a multicomponent exercise program versus a dual-task (cognitive-motor) training program on reducing fall risk, decreasing the fear of falling, and improving functional capacity in institutionalized older adults. A randomized, parallel-group controlled trial involving 21 older adults residing in a nursing home (Mage = 83.67 ± 6.17 years). Participants were allocated to either a Multicomponent Group (n = 11) or a Dual-Task Group (n = 10) for a 12-week intervention (2 sessions/week). Fall risk, fear of falling, and global functional capacity were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. No significant improvements were observed in fall risk assessment execution time for either group. The Multicomponent Group showed a significant reduction in the fear of falling (-29.1%, p = 0.025) and a clinically and statistically significant improvement in functional capacity (+40.9%, p = 0.002). The Dual-Task Group achieved no significant changes in these dimensions. Furthermore, a marginally significant time-by-group interaction was observed for functional capacity, favoring the multicomponent approach (p=0.065, η²p = 0.168). Multicomponent training proved superior in improving functional capacity and reducing the fear of falling. In a frail, institutionalized population, the attentional cost demanded by dual-task training appears to limit the physical and psychological benefits of exercise.
Institutionalized aging is associated with severe physical deconditioning, a high risk of falls, and a pervasive fear of falling. Physical exercise mitigates these factors, but the comparative efficacy of different training methodologies in this specific population remains unclear. To compare the impact of a multicomponent exercise program versus a dual-task (cognitive-motor) training program on reducing fall risk, decreasing the fear of falling, and improving functional capacity in institutionalized older adults. A randomized, parallel-group controlled trial involving 21 older adults residing in a nursing home (Mage = 83.67 ± 6.17 years). Participants were allocated to either a Multicomponent Group (n = 11) or a Dual-Task Group (n = 10) for a 12-week intervention (2 sessions/week). Fall risk, fear of falling, and global functional capacity were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. No significant improvements were observed in fall risk assessment execution time for either group. The Multicomponent Group showed a significant reduction in the fear of falling (-29.1%, p = 0.025) and a clinically and statistically significant improvement in functional capacity (+40.9%, p = 0.002). The Dual-Task Group achieved no significant changes in these dimensions. Furthermore, a marginally significant time-by-group interaction was observed for functional capacity, favoring the multicomponent approach (p=0.065, η²p = 0.168). Multicomponent training proved superior in improving functional capacity and reducing the fear of falling. In a frail, institutionalized population, the attentional cost demanded by dual-task training appears to limit the physical and psychological benefits of exercise.
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Idoso Fragilizado Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos Acidentes por Quedas Medo Exercício Físico Ensaio Clínico Controlado Randomizado Frail Elderly Homes for the Aged Accidental Fall
