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Intervenções promotoras da transição para a parentalidade na figura paterna – estratégias do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar
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Enquadramento: A enfermagem, enquanto disciplina científica centrada na pessoa, família, saúde e
ambiente, assume um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na gestão das transições ao longo
do ciclo vital. A transição para a parentalidade na figura paterna constitui um período crítico desse
ciclo, exigindo do pai a reconstrução de papéis, rotinas e significados e, perante a ainda frequente
exclusão dos pais dos cuidados de saúde, coloca o EEECESF numa posição central para identificar
necessidades específicas, promover a adaptação, a participação ativa e a capacitação parental,
contribuindo para cuidados efetivamente centrados na família.
Objetivo: Este estudo, intitulado “Intervenções promotoras da transição para a parentalidade na figura
paterna – estratégias do EEECESF”, teve como objetivo geral analisar as intervenções realizadas e as
estratégias promovidas pelo EEECESF na promoção da adaptação e envolvimento de pais na transição
para a parentalidade.
Método: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Mnemónica PICo: População (P) - pais (homens) na
transição para a parentalidade; Intervenção (I) – intervenções e estratégias realizadas pelo EEECESF na
promoção da adaptação e capacitação parentais; Contexto (Co) – cuidados de saúde primários.
Definiram-se critérios de inclusão que contemplaram estudos de diferentes metodologias, disponíveis
na íntegra, de acesso livre, publicados nos últimos cinco anos em português, inglês, francês ou
espanhol, e procedeu-se a uma pesquisa sistemática em bases de dados de enfermagem e saúde
(PubMed e agregador EBSCOhost), com os termos “parentalidade”, “transição” e “enfermeiros” com
posterior seleção dos estudos elegíveis e extração dos dados.
Resultados: Tornar-se pai é vivido como uma experiência profundamente transformadora, em que os
homens procuram criar estratégias flexíveis para se ajustarem à nova situação de vida, recorrendo
frequentemente a recursos digitais como fonte de apoio e orientação. Os resultados mostram que o
apoio profissional estruturado, assente numa relação de confiança, escuta ativa, acolhimento,
estabelecimento de parceria, guia na aquisição do novo papel parental, o cuidado das emoções e a
criação de um ambiente pacífico, associa-se a melhor qualidade da coparentalidade e a menos
perturbações no vínculo pai-bebé. Em contraste, uma maior dependência exclusiva de apoio digital
informal e a menor inclusão dos pais, sobretudo multíparos, nas visitas de saúde infantil relacionam-se
com maior vulnerabilidade, pior qualidade da coparentalidade ao longo do tempo e mais dificuldades
na construção da ligação ao bebé, sublinhando a importância de intervenções continuadas do EEECESF
para sustentar o envolvimento paterno.
Conclusão: A Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, permite concluir que o EEECESF dispõe de um conjunto
diversificado de intervenções e estratégias com potencial para promover a adaptação e o
envolvimento da figura paterna na transição para a parentalidade. As evidências mostram que incluir
intencionalmente o pai nas consultas, reconhecer as suas necessidades específicas e promover o
desenvolvimento de competências parentais contribui para uma maior participação paterna, reforço
da confiança no papel de pai e melhor bem-estar familiar. Persistem, contudo, lacunas na formação
dos profissionais, na organização dos serviços e nas políticas de saúde, que limitam a integração
sistemática da perspetiva paterna nos percursos de cuidados familiares, evidenciando a necessidade
de reforçar práticas pai-inclusivas em cuidados de saúde primários.
Background: Nursing, as a scientific discipline focused on the person, family, health, and environment, plays a fundamental role in health promotion and in managing transitions across the life cycle. The transition to parenthood in the paternal figure constitutes a critical period in this trajectory, requiring fathers to reconstruct roles, routines, and meanings and, given the still frequent exclusion of fathers from health care, places the family health nurse specialist in a central position to identify specific needs, foster adaptation, active participation, and parental empowerment, thereby contributing to genuinely family-centred care. Aim: This study, entitled “Interventions that promote the transition to parenthood in the paternal figure – strategies of the Family Health Nurse Specialist”, had the overarching aim of analysing the interventions implemented and the strategies adopted by the family health nurse specialist to promote fathers’ adaptation and involvement during the transition to parenthood. Method: Integrative Literature Review. PICo mnemonic: Population (P) – fathers (men) undergoing the transition to parenthood; Intervention (I) – interventions and strategies implemented by the family health nurse specialist to promote parental adaptation and empowerment; Context (Co) – primary health care. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies using different methodologies, available in full text, open access, published in the last five years in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish, and a systematic search was undertaken in nursing and health databases (PubMed and the EBSCOhost platform) using the terms “parenthood”, “transition”, and “nurses”, followed by selection of eligible studies and data extraction by two independent reviewers. Results: Becoming a father is experienced as a profoundly transformative process in which men seek to develop flexible strategies to adjust to the new life situation, frequently turning to digital resources as a source of support and guidance. The findings indicate that structured professional support, grounded in a relationship of trust, active listening, welcoming, partnership building, guidance in acquiring the new parental role, attention to emotions, and the creation of a calm environment, is associated with better coparenting quality and fewer disturbances in the father–infant bond. Conversely, greater exclusive reliance on informal digital support and reduced inclusion of fathers, particularly multiparous fathers, in child health visits are associated with greater vulnerability, poorer coparenting quality over time, and more difficulties in establishing the bond with the baby, underscoring the importance of ongoing interventions by the family health nurse specialist to sustain paternal involvement. Conclusion: The Integrative Literature Review indicates that the family health nurse specialist has at their disposal a diverse range of interventions and strategies with the potential to promote the adaptation and involvement of the paternal figure in the transition to parenthood. The evidence shows that intentionally including fathers in appointments, recognising their specific needs, and fostering the development of parenting competences contributes to greater paternal participation, strengthened confidence in the fathering role, and enhanced family well-being. Nonetheless, gaps persist in professional education, service organisation, and health policies, which constrain the systematic integration of the paternal perspective in family care pathways, highlighting the need to strengthen father-inclusive practices in primary health care.
Background: Nursing, as a scientific discipline focused on the person, family, health, and environment, plays a fundamental role in health promotion and in managing transitions across the life cycle. The transition to parenthood in the paternal figure constitutes a critical period in this trajectory, requiring fathers to reconstruct roles, routines, and meanings and, given the still frequent exclusion of fathers from health care, places the family health nurse specialist in a central position to identify specific needs, foster adaptation, active participation, and parental empowerment, thereby contributing to genuinely family-centred care. Aim: This study, entitled “Interventions that promote the transition to parenthood in the paternal figure – strategies of the Family Health Nurse Specialist”, had the overarching aim of analysing the interventions implemented and the strategies adopted by the family health nurse specialist to promote fathers’ adaptation and involvement during the transition to parenthood. Method: Integrative Literature Review. PICo mnemonic: Population (P) – fathers (men) undergoing the transition to parenthood; Intervention (I) – interventions and strategies implemented by the family health nurse specialist to promote parental adaptation and empowerment; Context (Co) – primary health care. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies using different methodologies, available in full text, open access, published in the last five years in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish, and a systematic search was undertaken in nursing and health databases (PubMed and the EBSCOhost platform) using the terms “parenthood”, “transition”, and “nurses”, followed by selection of eligible studies and data extraction by two independent reviewers. Results: Becoming a father is experienced as a profoundly transformative process in which men seek to develop flexible strategies to adjust to the new life situation, frequently turning to digital resources as a source of support and guidance. The findings indicate that structured professional support, grounded in a relationship of trust, active listening, welcoming, partnership building, guidance in acquiring the new parental role, attention to emotions, and the creation of a calm environment, is associated with better coparenting quality and fewer disturbances in the father–infant bond. Conversely, greater exclusive reliance on informal digital support and reduced inclusion of fathers, particularly multiparous fathers, in child health visits are associated with greater vulnerability, poorer coparenting quality over time, and more difficulties in establishing the bond with the baby, underscoring the importance of ongoing interventions by the family health nurse specialist to sustain paternal involvement. Conclusion: The Integrative Literature Review indicates that the family health nurse specialist has at their disposal a diverse range of interventions and strategies with the potential to promote the adaptation and involvement of the paternal figure in the transition to parenthood. The evidence shows that intentionally including fathers in appointments, recognising their specific needs, and fostering the development of parenting competences contributes to greater paternal participation, strengthened confidence in the fathering role, and enhanced family well-being. Nonetheless, gaps persist in professional education, service organisation, and health policies, which constrain the systematic integration of the paternal perspective in family care pathways, highlighting the need to strengthen father-inclusive practices in primary health care.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parentalidade Transição para a parentalidade Enfermagem
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC