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Exercise dependence and anxiety in cross-trainers, bodybuilders and gym exercisers during COVID19

2022Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorSalvador, Rogério
dc.contributor.authorFrontini, Roberta
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Janete
dc.contributor.authorMaia, Joana
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Diogo
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-02T14:54:09Z
dc.date.available2022-06-02T14:54:09Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractThe World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic an international public health emergency in January 2020, and, soon thereafter, a worldwide adoption of quarantine and physical isolation measures restricted regular practitioners of indoor group physical exercise from many of their usual practices. Some, with exercise dependence (ED), may have experienced exercise withdrawal symptoms that triggered unhealthy anxiety levels. In February 2021, during Portugal’s second COVID-19 lockdown, we characterized and compared ED and anxiety levels among different groups of indoor exercise practitioners (cross trainers [CG], bodybuilders [BG] and gym practitioners [GG]). In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 234 adult participants through the internet. To assess participants’ ED and anxiety levels, we used Portuguese versions of the ED Scale-21 (EDS-21) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State; STAI-Trait). ED symptoms were evident in all participant subgroups, and we found no gender differences in ED. Anxiety was higher among women than men in CG and GG groups, and there were significant differences in ED between groups such that BG practitioners showed higher ED than GG and CG practitioners (small effect size). Bodybuilders reported most ED behavior, followed by CG and regular gym exercisers, but on some criteria BG and CG groups had similar ED levels. Our results are in line with prior ED prevalence reports conducted before COVID-19 restrictions among regular GG, but these are the first data to report a higher ED prevalence among BG and CG, relative to GG.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSalvador, R., Frontini, R., Ramos, C., Lopes, P., Oliveira, J., Maia, J., & Monteiro, D. (2022). Exercise dependence and anxiety in cross-trainers, bodybuilders and gym exercisers during COVID19. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 0(0), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125221098326pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/00315125221098326pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/7234
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.relationFCT/UI/05704/2020pt_PT
dc.relationLife Quality Research Centre
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectCOVID19pt_PT
dc.subjectExercise dependencept_PT
dc.subjectAnxietypt_PT
dc.subjectGym practionerspt_PT
dc.subjectCross trainingpt_PT
dc.titleExercise dependence and anxiety in cross-trainers, bodybuilders and gym exercisers during COVID19pt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleLife Quality Research Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04748%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage16pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titlePerceptual and Motor Skillspt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameSalvador
person.familyNameFrontini
person.familyNameMaia
person.familyNameMonteiro
person.givenNameRogério Paulo
person.givenNameRoberta
person.givenNameJoana
person.givenNameDiogo
person.identifierhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RobertaFrontini=en&authuser=1
person.identifierF-1202-2015
person.identifier.ciencia-idD116-EE46-620C
person.identifier.ciencia-id2912-39E4-16D8
person.identifier.ciencia-idED1F-6228-E26F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5712-9479
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1253-7660
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1413-4435
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7179-6814
person.identifier.scopus-author-id54784247000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56437945500
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsclosedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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