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Os Efeitos do Exercício Físico em doentes com DPOC: uma revisão narrativa
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A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica (DPOC) é uma patologia respiratória progressiva e irreversível, associada à redução da
capacidade funcional, limitação das atividades de vida diária e diminuição da qualidade de vida. Globalmente, constitui uma importante causa de morbimortalidade, sendo responsável por cerca de 3,5 milhões de óbitos em 2021 e afetando aproximadamente 392 milhões de indivíduos. Neste contexto, o exercício físico tem sido amplamente recomendado como estratégia não farmacológica na reabilitação destes pacientes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de programas de exercício físico na capacidade funcional, nas atividades de vida diária e na qualidade de vida em indivíduos com DPOC. Ademais, utilizou-se de estratégias PICOS e PRISMA para a busca e seleção dos artigos que foram incluídos para o presente estudo. Os resultados evidenciam que programas de exercício físico, predominantemente baseados em treino aeróbio,
promovem melhorias significativas na capacidade funcional, na força muscular e no desempenho das atividades de vida diária, bem como na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde. A maioria dos protocolos analisados apresentou duração entre 8 e 12 semanas, com frequência de duas a três sessões semanais. Adicionalmente, intervenções estruturadas demonstraram impacto positivo na redução dos sintomas, particularmente da dispneia, e no aumento da autonomia funcional dos pacientes. Apesar dos benefícios observados, a heterogeneidade dos protocolos de intervenção, os reduzidos tamanhos amostrais e o curto período de seguimento limitam a generalização dos resultados. Em síntese, o exercício físico revela-se uma estratégia capaz para a reabilitação de pacientes com DPOC, contudo, destaca-se a necessidade de estudos futuros com maior rigor metodológico, padronização dos protocolos e acompanhamento a longo prazo, de modo a otimizar os seus benefícios clínicos.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition associated with reduced functional capacity, limitations in activities of daily living, and decreased quality of life. Globally, it represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 3.5 million deaths in 2021 and affecting around 392 million individuals. In this context, physical exercise has been widely recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy in the rehabilitation of these patients. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of physical exercise programs on functional capacity, activities of daily living, and quality of life in individuals with COPD. In addition, the PICOS and PRISMA strategies were used to search and select the articles included in this study. Overall, the findings indicate that exercise programs, predominantly based on aerobic training, promote significant improvements in functional capacity, muscle strength, and performance in activities of daily living, as well as in health-related quality of life. Most of the analysed protocols had a duration of 8 to 12 weeks, with a frequency of two to three sessions per week. Additionally, structured interventions demonstrated a positive impact on symptom reduction, particularly dyspnea, and on increasing patients’ functional autonomy. Despite the observed benefits, the heterogeneity of intervention protocols, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods limit the generalizability of the results. In conclusion, physical exercise appears to be an effective strategy in the rehabilitation of individuals with COPD, supporting the implementation of structured and individualized programs. However, further studies with greater methodological rigor, standardized protocols, and long-term follow-up are needed to optimize its clinical benefits.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition associated with reduced functional capacity, limitations in activities of daily living, and decreased quality of life. Globally, it represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 3.5 million deaths in 2021 and affecting around 392 million individuals. In this context, physical exercise has been widely recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy in the rehabilitation of these patients. The present study aimed to analyse the effects of physical exercise programs on functional capacity, activities of daily living, and quality of life in individuals with COPD. In addition, the PICOS and PRISMA strategies were used to search and select the articles included in this study. Overall, the findings indicate that exercise programs, predominantly based on aerobic training, promote significant improvements in functional capacity, muscle strength, and performance in activities of daily living, as well as in health-related quality of life. Most of the analysed protocols had a duration of 8 to 12 weeks, with a frequency of two to three sessions per week. Additionally, structured interventions demonstrated a positive impact on symptom reduction, particularly dyspnea, and on increasing patients’ functional autonomy. Despite the observed benefits, the heterogeneity of intervention protocols, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods limit the generalizability of the results. In conclusion, physical exercise appears to be an effective strategy in the rehabilitation of individuals with COPD, supporting the implementation of structured and individualized programs. However, further studies with greater methodological rigor, standardized protocols, and long-term follow-up are needed to optimize its clinical benefits.
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Palavras-chave
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crónica Atividades de vida diária Exercício físico Qualidade de vida Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Activities of daily living Physical exercise